The inverse relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy behaviors such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, poor nutrition have been well demonstrated empirically but encompass diverse underlying causal mechanisms. These mechanisms special theoretical importance because disparities in health behaviors, unlike many other components of health, involve something more than the ability to use income purchase good health. Based on a review broad literatures sociology, economics,...

Introduction Time Series Regression Analysis Nonlagged Case A Ratio Goal Hypothesis The Error Term Model Nonautoregression Assumption Consequences of Violating the Conventional Tests for Autocorrelation An Alternative Method Estimation EGLS (First-Order Autocorrelation) Small Sample Properties Reconsidered Extension to Multiple Conclusion Time-Dependent Processes Testing Higher Order Process Identification Example Models with Errors Generated by Dependent Lagged Distributed Lag Endogenous...

This paper addresses long-standing debates over the role of demographic structure, class power, class-based political parties, and democraphic participation in growth welfare state advance industrial democracies from 1950 to 1980. It distinguishes four theories-industrialism, monopoly capitalism, social democratic, interest-group politics-and tests them using pooled, cross-sectional, time-series data for 18 nations seven time points. Total spending, composed primarily insurance benefits, is...

Despite theoretical arguments relating economic and industrial structures to female labor force participation cross-national studies have failed empirically confirm such a relationship. This paper reconsiders the determinants of by examining 1) curvilinear interactive effects development as properly specified from existing theories; 2) more complete set explanatory variables than has been used in previous studies. Models are estimated using 1965 1970 data for 70 nations. The results show...

This article examines how educational disparities in mortality emerge, grow, decline, and disappear across causes of death the United States, these changes contribute to enduring association between education over time. Focusing on adults age 40 64 years, we first examine extent which persisted from 1989 2007. We then test fundamental cause prediction that persist, part, by shifting new health outcomes focus period 1999 2007, when all were coded same classification system. Results indicate...

Archie, K. M., L. Dilling, J. B. Milford, and F. C. Pampel. 2012. Climate change western public lands: a survey of U.S. federal land managers on the status adaptation efforts. Ecology Society 17(4): 20. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05187-170420

What explains the recent reversal in many countries of century‐long trends toward a growing female advantage mortality? And might indicate that new roles and statuses women have begun to harm their health relative men? Using data on 21 high‐income separate smoking deaths from other deaths, this study answers first question by showing direction change sex differential results increased levels among men. additional cross‐national cigarette consumption indicators gender equality, article second...

Although both low socioeconomic status and cigarette smoking increase health problems mortality, their possible combined or interactive influence is less clear On one hand, the of groups may be harmed least by unhealthy behavior such as because, given substantial risks produced limited resources, they have to lose from damaging lifestyles. other most because lifestyle choices exacerbate created deprived material conditions. Alternatively, harm accumulate additively rather than...

Preface 1. The welfare state: some neglected considerations 2. Theoretical perspectives on the state 3. Social spending in advanced industrial democracies 4. and democratic political context 5. Economic growth, social spending, income inequality 6. Infant mortality, equality, 7. Conclusions: causes consequences of References.

This paper argues that variation in the gender gap homicide victimization can be explained by temporal and cross-national two dimensions of stratification: differences roles status. A model is formulated tested using pooled time-series data from 18 developed democracies for period 1950-1980. number hypotheses derived this are supported analysis. In particular, we find women's non-traditional decrease between females' males' risk victimization, but higher female status increases gap....

Using twin pairs from the National Survey of Midlife Development in United States, we estimate that 35 percent variance regular smoking is due to additive genetic influences. When disaggregate sample by birth cohort witness strong influences on for those born 1920s, 1930s, and 1950s, but negligible 1940s 1960s. We show timing first Surgeon General’s Report coincides with an increase smoking, subsequent legislation prohibiting public places has significantly reduced these These results are...

Arguments about the spread of gender egalitarian values through population highlight several sources change. First, structural arguments point to increases in proportion women with high education, jobs good pay, commitment careers outside family, and direct interests equality. Second, value shift contend that norms change social economic development among men diverse positions - traditional non-traditional alike. Third, diffusion suggest leads adoption new ideas supportive equality by...

The long-standing and sometimes heated debates over the direction size of effect socioeconomic status (SES) on environmental concern contrast post-materialist affluence arguments, suggesting a positive relationship in high-income nations, with counter arguments for negative or near zero relationship. A diffusion-of-innovations approach adapts parts both by predicting that high SES groups first adopt pro-environmental views, which produces Like other innovations, however, environmentalism...

Most American sociological research has conceptualized the occupational structure as a continuous prestige hierarchy. The reported here questions generality of that conceptualization by examining relative importance manual-nonmanual class differences and for several attitudes behaviors. First, perception working middle more closely reflects dichotomy than scale. Voting behavior party identification are also better predicted dichotomy. Second, relevance bounded status models varies according...