Abstract A recent trend in invasion ecology relates the success of non‐indigenous species (NIS) to reduced control by enemies such as pathogens, parasites and predators (i.e. enemy release hypothesis, ERH). Despite demonstrated importance host population dynamics, studies ERH are split – biogeographical analyses primarily show a reduction diversity introduced range compared with native range, while community imply that NIS no less affected than invaded community. broad review literature...

ABSTRACT The use of simple terms to articulate ecological concepts can confuse ideological debates and undermine management efforts. This problem is particularly acute in studies nonindigenous species, which alternatively have been called ‘exotic’, ‘introduced’, ‘invasive’ ‘naturalised’, among others. Attempts redefine commonly used terminology proven difficult because authors are often partial particular definitions. In an attempt form a consensus on invasion terminology, we synthesize...

Adaptation to climate, evolving over contemporary time scales, could facilitate rapid range expansion across environmental gradients. Here, we examine local adaptation along a climatic gradient in the North American invasive plant Lythrum salicaria. We show that evolution of earlier flowering is adaptive at northern invasion front where it increases fitness as much as, or more than, effects enemy release and increased competitive ability. However, early decreases investment vegetative...

Anthropogenic climate change has already altered the timing of major life-history transitions, such as initiation reproduction. Both phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution can underlie rapid phenological shifts in response to change, but their relative contributions are poorly understood. Here, we combine a continuous 38 year field survey with quantitative genetic experiments assess adaptation context change. We focused on Boechera stricta (Brassicaeae), mustard native US Rocky...

Recent biological invasions provide opportunities to investigate microevolution during contemporary timescales. The tempo and scope of local adaptation will be determined by the intensity natural selection amounts kinds genetic variation within populations. In flowering plants, diversity is strongly affected interactions between reproductive systems stochastic forces associated with immigration history range expansion. Here, we explore significance system for evolution plant invasion. We...

Abstract Divergent natural selection promotes local adaptation and can lead to reproductive isolation of populations in contrasting environments; however, the genetic basis remains largely unresolved populations. Local might result from antagonistic pleiotropy, where alternate alleles are favoured distinct habitats, polymorphism is maintained by selection. Alternatively, under conditional neutrality some may be one environment but neutral at other locations. Antagonistic pleiotropy maintains...

Abstract Common garden studies are increasingly used to identify differences in phenotypic traits between native and introduced genotypes, often ignoring sources of among‐population variation within each range. We re‐analyzed data from 32 common 28 plant species that tested for rapid evolution associated with biological invasion. Our goals were: (i) patterns trait among populations ranges, (ii) explore the consequences this how ranges interpreted. combined life history physiologic into a...

Release of contaminated ballast water by transoceanic ships has been implicated in more than 70% faunal nonindigenous species (NIS) introductions to the Great Lakes since opening St. Lawrence Seaway 1959. Contrary expectation, apparent invasion rate increased after initiation voluntary guidelines 1989 and mandatory regulations 1993 for open-ocean exchange declaring on board (BOB). However, 90% vessels that entered during 1990s declared no (NOBOB) were not required ballast, although their...

Since completion of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959, at least 43 nonindigenous species (NIS) animals and protists have established Laurentian Great Lakes, which ~67% were attributed to discharge ballast water from commercial ships. Twenty-three NIS first discovered four "hotspot" areas with a high representation NIS, most notably Lake Huron – Erie corridor. Despite implementation voluntary (1989, Canada) mandatory (1993, U.S.A.) exchange (BWE) regulations, higher rate during 1990s than...

Biological invasions may expose populations to strong selection for local adaptation along geographical gradients in climate. However, evolution during contemporary timescales can be constrained by low standing genetic variation and correlations among life-history traits. We examined limits associated with northern migration of the invasive wetland plant purple loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria ) using a model incorporating trade-off between flowering time size at reproduction, common garden...

The success of invasive species has been explained by two contrasting but non-exclusive views: (i) intrinsic factors make some inherently good invaders; (ii) become as a result extrinsic ecological and genetic influences such release from natural enemies, hybridization or other novel evolutionary interactions. These viewpoints are rarely distinguished hinge on distinct mechanisms leading to different management scenarios. To improve tests these hypotheses invasion we introduce simple...

Species' ranges are limited by both ecological and evolutionary constraints. While there is a growing appreciation that constraints include interactions among species, like competition, we know relatively little about how contribute to at species' niche range limits. Building on concepts from community ecology biology, review biotic can influence adaptation limits impeding the demographic conditions facilitate evolution (which term 'demographic pathway adaptation'), and/or imposing...

Evolution during biological invasion may occur over contemporary timescales, but the rate of evolutionary change be inhibited by a lack standing genetic variation for ecologically relevant traits and fitness trade-offs among them. The extent to which these constraints limit evolution local adaptation has rarely been examined. To investigate on life-history traits, we measured variance covariance in 20 populations invasive plant purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) sampled along latitudinal...

Abstract The Eurasian spiny waterflea ( Bythotrephes longimanus ) is a predacious zooplankter that has increased its range in Europe and rapidly invading inland water‐bodies throughout North America's Great Lakes region. To examine the genetics of these invasions, we isolated five microsatellite DNA loci with between 5 19 alleles per locus. We sampled three populations where B. been historically present (Switzerland, Italy, Finland) as well an introduced European population (the Netherlands)...

Significance Adaptive evolution can help species to persist and spread in new environments, but it is unclear how the rate duration of adaptive vary throughout ranges on decadal timescales most relevant managing biodiversity for 21st century. Using herbarium records, we reconstruct 150 y an invasive plant as across North America. Flowering phenology evolves adapt local growing seasons range stalls after about a This punctuated, convergent recapitulates long-term dynamics fossil record,...