Lakes are vital freshwater ecosystems that sustain biodiversity, support livelihoods, and drive socio-economic growth globally. However, they face escalating threats from anthropogenic activities, including urbanization, agricultural runoff, pollution, which exacerbated by climate change. Phewa Lake in Nepal was selected for this study due to its increasing rates of nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, pollution. This evaluated seasonal spatial water quality variations within the lake...

Residents of Nepal's Kathmandu Valley draw drinking water from tube wells, dug and stone spouts, all which have been reported to serious quality issues. In this study, we analyzed samples 35 municipal tap for bacterial chemical contaminants, including total fecal coliform, aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, fluoride, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, thallium, uranium, vanadium, zinc. We also asked a sampling...

Kathmandu Valley is one of the largest and most polluted metropolitan regions in Himalayan foothills. Rapidly expanding urban sprawl a growing fleet vehicles, industrial facilities such as brick factories across valley have led to conditions where ambient concentrations key gaseous air pollutants are expected exceed Nepal's National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. In order understand spatial variation trace gases Valley, passive samples SO2,...

Open burning of crop residue is an important source air pollution which poorly characterized in South Asia. Currently, the gridded inventory reported by Global Fire Emissions Database for biomass including open are coarse resolution (0.25° × 0.25°), and may not be appropriate a simulation Nepal. This study develops comprehensive high (1 km 1 km) model-ready emissions Nepal to understand spatial characteristics pollutant from burning. We estimate national burned between years 2003 2017. The...

Past research on air quality within the Kathmandu Valley indicates that diesel vehicles make a substantial contribution to ambient pollution. Hence, it's important identify cost-effective measures for reducing their emissions. As first step, roadside observations of were recorded between February and April 2017 at six locations: two ring road (RR), inside RR, major arterial highways outside RR. Out all observed (n = 12,039), 35% emitting visible plume black smoke hereafter are referred as...

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Traditional active and automated sampling of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler ambient using Triethanolamine (TEA) absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified Griese-Saltzmann method used analysis nitrite adduct formed due...

Transport sector is growing most rapidly around the world in line with urban and socio-economic growth, which contributing to severe air pollution. Air pollution has been of much concern mainly due quality, human exposure, public health, climate change, visibility reduction. At present, media policy arena, significant attention given transport its effect. Although developed countries established vehicular emission control practices, it very primitive developing including Nepal. This paper...

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has detected several intensive wildfires from the local to global level in 2016. However, deeper study on dynamics of wildfire its consequences are still inadequate. This was carried out find effects forest resources public property Nepal. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spector-Radiometer (MODIS) used for active fire data 2016 Wildfire-related national international published articles, report, website media were reviewed. Data analyzed using...

Owing to widespread road widening activities and the growing vehicular traffic, air quality of Kathmandu Valley has been a matter grave concern. In this study, we monitored inside public vehicles which would help assess exposure transport users pollution. Problem particulate pollution, especially PM10, was found severe buses. Carbon monoxide total volatile organic compounds were mostly within acceptable levels but benzene exceeded guidelines in few samples. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene...

In Nepal, a South Asian country located in the central Himalayan region, countrywide lockdown was imposed from 24 March to 20 July 2020 contain spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus during first wave novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study used rare incidence investigate air quality change Nepal and its topographically unique urban center, Kathmandu Valley, period, segregated by dry (pre-monsoon) wet (monsoon) seasons, based on satellite remote sensing ground-based monitoring data....

There are few studies on the influence of agroforestry intervention in farming and food system. We thus conducted this study to assess farm production diversity household dietary coffee-based Deusa village, Solukhumbu district, Nepal. This collected data through questionnaire survey, diary checklist for 24 hours diet recall, transect walk, focus group discussions, key informant interviews. compared scores between two types - traditional coffee-based. used Pearson’s Chi-Square Fisher’s Exact...

Occasional precipitation plays a vital role in reducing the effect of wildfire. This is especially important for countries like Nepal, where wildfires are common seasonal event. Approximately 0.1 million hectare forest area affected annually due to active fire season. The study on relation these forms occasional with wildfire incidence still lacking. research was objectively carried out examine correlation and burnt area. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spector-Radiometer (MODIS) satellite...

This study addresses a critical research gap in Nepal, focusing on the effectiveness of ceramic candle filters for purifying drinking water. The assesses their performance removing physico-chemical and microbiological parameters, along with flow rates. A market survey Kathmandu Surkhet informed selection five brands. cross-sectional, block design experiment over two cycles measured water quality Physico-chemical parameters met NDWQS standards. Microbial tests revealed significant reduction...

Forest fires triggered by various natural and anthropogenic drivers are increasing threatening forest ecosystems across the globe. In Nepal, high value Tropical Mixed Broad-leaved Forests prone to fire caused both drivers. Thus, understanding their effect is important for sustainable management. However, preceding studies on specific limited. This research has identified assessed occurrences in of Nawalparasi District, Nepal. Fire were prioritized participatory approaches. The incidences...

Standard nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur (SO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use of locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler ambient using Triethanolamine (TEA) absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified Griese-Saltzmann method West-Gaeke were used analysis nitrite sulphate adduct...

With an increasing human population and vehicles, air pollution in Thimphu City is growing causing a risk to health, properties, ecosystems. The of was 79,185 2005 but 2017 it surged up 114,551. An increase the has also led rising demands for vehicles thus increased vehicular emissions area. Additionally, use traditional fuels, burning waste agriculture residues, forest fire, transboundary pollutants are other sources resulting poor quality City. Air data from journal articles, government...