Abstract Marine heatwaves (MHWs), prolonged ocean temperature extremes, have been enhanced by global warming in recent decades. More intense and longer MHWs increasingly negative impacts on marine organisms that threaten their resilience of ecosystems. In this study, we investigated phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll) estimated satellite color its response to regional scales. We find typically decreases chlorophyll concentrations the tropics mid-latitudes, with increases at high latitudes....

Abstract Recent changes in the Arctic sea‐ice are strongly influenced by recent increase heat transport from vigorous Atlantic inflows, so‐called Atlantification. This Atlantification can induce physical and ecological near gateway. Here, we used observational data sets 26 Earth system models to estimate water intrusion, firstly suggest impact of on marine productivity Barents Sea a warming climate, especially boreal spring. In across Opening (BSO) is projected be enhanced (45.5 ± 34.9 TW)...

Abstract In recent decades, the Arctic Ocean has experienced continuous warming and freshening, affecting biogeochemical factors such as nutrient supply, light availability, chlorophyll, productivity. While marine productivity is projected to increase due expansion of open ocean increased chlorophyll concentration, uncertainties related nutrients may distract fidelity in current Earth system models (ESMs). Here, we analyze existing uncertainty projections using 26 ESMs participating Coupled...

The ocean is a crucial sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, yet its future response remains uncertain. Here, using the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) under different emission rates, we find pronounced weakening of uptake in Subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA), distinct from global response. Initially, SPNA an effective sink, but due to contraction deep convection, decreases and oceanic pCO2 exceeds average. Recognizing importance regional circulation uptake, identify nonlinear relationship...

The Yellow and East China Seas (YECS) are productive continental shelves where essential nutrients for phytoplankton growth mainly supplied by the intrusion of Kuroshio Current, riverine inputs, atmospheric deposition. Surface temperatures in YECS increasing due to global warming, projected increase further. In this study, future changes biogeochemical processes were evaluated using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Earth System Models. We found a great diversity...

Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a prominent mode of climate variability in the tropical (IO). It exerts significant influence on biological activities this region. To elucidate response to IOD, previous research has introduced dipole index (BDMI). However, delineation region by BDMI limitations capturing IOD-induced chlorophyll variations IO. By analyzing observational data and historical simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project model, study shows that anomalies IO...

Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) has been proposed to be a key driver of biological processes in the (IO) present climate. Given expected influence global warming on both properties IOD and biogeochemistry within IO, question arises: How will relationship between surface chlorophyll evolve climate? Here, utilizing simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Earth System models, our findings reveal notable intensification IOD-chlorophyll under greenhouse warming. This...

Abstract Antarctic marine biological variability modulates climate systems via the pump. However, knowledge of response in Southern Ocean to still has been lack understanding owing limited ocean color data high latitude region. We investigated surface chlorophyll concentration responses annular mode (SAM) marginal sea using satellite observation and reanalysis focusing on austral summer. The positive phase SAM is associated with enhanced poleward-shifted westerly winds, leading physical...

Abstract It is well known that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can influence the East Asian winter climate by modifying atmospheric circulation over western North Pacific (WNP). While impact on precipitation in southeastern China has been extensively studied, ENSO signal surface air temperature (SAT) remains overlooked. In this paper, we identify robust footprints daily minimum SAT China, with Niño winters generally accompanied warmer-than-normal anomalies. contrast, responses of maximum...

Abstract The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) exhibits remarkable non-stationarity subseasonal timescales, severely limiting climate predictability. Here, based observational and reanalysis datasets, we identify a robust variability in EAWM response to ENSO, with notable synchronous break mid-January lasting about 10 days. We suggest that this breakdown is largely caused by interference from abrupt phase reversal of ENSO-driven North...

Abstract In recent decades, Antarctic ice sheet/shelf melting has been accelerated, releasing freshwater into the Southern Ocean. It suggested that meltwater flux could lead to cooling in Hemisphere, which would retard global warming and further induce a northward shift of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). this study, we use experimental ensemble climate simulations show forcing distinct regional impacts over globe, leading particular East Asia, offsets effect by forcing. is leads...

Abstract It has been suggested that the freshwater flux due to recent melting of Antarctic ice-sheet/shelf will suppress ventilation in Southern Ocean (SO). In this study, we performed idealized earth-system simulations examine impacts meltwater on biomass surface phytoplankton Ocean. The enhanced stratification leads a decrease nitrate concentration, but an increase concentration dissolved iron. These changes are associated with reduced upwelling nitrate-rich deep water and trapped iron...

Gayan Pathirana1,2, Kyung Min Noh1,3*, Dong-Geon Lee1, Huiji Lee1 and Jong-Seong Kug1*1Division of Environmental Science Engineering, Pohang University Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.2Department Oceanography Marine Geology, FMST, Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.3Department Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.*Corresponding author. Email: jskug@postech.ac.kr, km.noh109@gmail.comKeywords: Indian Ocean Dipole, Biophysical Interaction, Phytoplankton

Abstract Understanding the carbon cycle is crucial for an accurate assessment of emission allowances, which requires to mitigate climate change within limits human tolerance. The oceanic system important reservoir anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, yet uncertainties persist regarding its future changes. Here, we employ state-of-the-art model with different rates systematically investigate response ocean uptake. We reveal possibility a pronounced weakening uptake–CO uptake hole–in Subpolar North...

Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) has been proposed to be a key driver of biological processes in the (IO) present climate. Given expected influence global warming on both properties IOD and biogeochemistry within IO, question arises: How will relationship between chlorophyll evolve climate? Here, utilizing simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phase 6 Earth System models, our findings reveal notable intensification IOD-chlorophyll under greenhouse warming. This...

Abstract Antarctic meltwater discharge has been largely emphasized for its potential role in climate change mitigation, not only by reducing global warming, but also stabilizing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Despite tremendous impact of AMOC on system, temporal evolution response to remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate impacts based GFDL CM2.1 experiments and discover fast weakening slow strengthening discharge. Cold ocean surface caused spread throughout...

Despite the importance of Southern Ocean carbon sink, its response to future atmospheric CO2 perturbations and warming remains highly uncertain. In this study, we use six state-of-the-art Earth system models assess air-sea fluxes (FCO2) a rapid forcing increase subsequent negative emissions in an idealized dioxide removal reversibility experiment. We find that during positive emissions, region north Polar Front only takes up for 30-50 years before reaching equilibrium; surface stratification...

<title>Abstract</title> The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a dominant climate mode in the Ocean, characterized by oscillating sea surface temperature anomalies between western and southeastern equatorial regions. IOD influences circulation, affecting coastal upwelling (downwelling), thereby increasing (decreasing) nutrients. These changes alter phytoplankton populations, measurable through their photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll-a. positive (pIOD) negative (nIOD) phases of affect chlorophyll...

Rapidly increasing carbon dioxide emissions over the past decades and possibility of further increases in coming has motivated global efforts to remove sequester from atmosphere. Among recent proposals for marine-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR), ocean iron-fertilization been revisited, although its efficacy on a scale remains uncertain. We thus assessed uptake small (~GgC) large (~PgC) scales coupled earth system model, GFDL-ESM4.1. Our simulations indicate that large-scale fertilization...

Abstract A Lagrangian plankton model (LPM) is developed, in which the motion of a large number particles, representing parcel plankton, calculated under turbulence field simulated by large‐eddy simulation. spring phytoplankton bloom realized using LPM, and mechanism for its 1 generation investigated. The criterion based on these results proposed as , where δ E (= u ∗ / f ) scale Ekman boundary layer, S depth seasonal thermocline, wind stress, Q 0 surface buoyancy flux, Coriolis parameter, C...