The flowering plants that dominate modern vegetation possess leaf gas exchange potentials far exceed those of all other living or extinct plants. great divide in maximal ability to CO 2 for water between leaves nonangiosperms and angiosperms forms the mechanistic foundation speculation about how drove sweeping ecological biogeochemical change during Cretaceous. However, there is no empirical evidence evolved highly photosynthetically active Using vein density ( D V ) measurements fossil...

The majority of environments are dominated by flowering plants today, but it is uncertain how this dominance originated. This increase in angiosperm diversity happened during the Cretaceous period ( ca. 145–65 Ma) and led to replacement often extinction gymnosperms ferns. We propose a scenario for rise angiosperms from Barremian 130 Campanian 84 based on European megafossil plant record. These data demonstrate that migrated into new three phases: i ) 130–125 freshwater lake-related wetlands;...

At the beginning of Late Cretaceous, angiosperms already inhabited all environments and overtopped previously gymnosperm-dominated floras, especially in disturbed freshwater-related environments. The aim this paper is to define what fossil plant ecology occurred during early Cretaceous order follow spread angiosperm taxa.Floristic lists localities from Barremian Albian Europe are analysed with Wagner's Parsimony Method.The Method indicates that (a) Barremian, matoniaceous ferns formed a...

Significance The importance of very early aquatic flowering plants is not well understood currently and poorly documented. Here we present details the morphology reproductive biology Montsechia , an extremely fossil angiosperm that, because it so ancient totally aquatic, raises questions centered on evolutionary history plants. This paper challenges paradigm how view evolution basal angiosperms particularly role habitats in diversification

Changes in terrestrial vegetation during the mid-Cretaceous and their link to climate environmental change are poorly understood. In this study, we use plant macrofossils analysis of fossil pollen spores from Western Desert, Egypt, assess temporal changes communities Cenomanian. The investigated strata have relatively diverse sporomorph assemblages, which reflect nature parent vegetation. Specifically, palynofloras represent ferns, conifers, monosulcate producers, Gnetales, a group...

The mid-Cretaceous is a period of sudden turnover from gymnosperm to angiosperm-dominated floras. aim was investigate the fossil plant ecology in order follow spread angiosperm taxa. Floristic lists and localities latest Albian-Cenomanian Europe are analysed with Wagner's Parsimony Method, clustering method currently used phylogeny (cladistics). Method points out that (a) gymnosperms dominated brackish water-related environments while angiosperms freshwater-related (e.g. swamps, floodplains,...

Abstract Morphology and anatomy of a fossil monocotyledon from the late Early Cretaceous extant monocots are compared. Anatomy was examined based on publications, while leaf morphology, especially venation, required new observations fresh herbarium material. Spixiarum kipea gen. et sp. nov. belongs most likely to Araceae, may be sister Orontioideae or is even part this tribe. Consequently, proto‐Araceae were present during in South America. The occurrence America indicates north Gondwana...

Abstract Anacardiaceae is an ecologically and economically important plant family of about 200 species in 32 genera the Neotropics. The particularly diverse leaf architecture fruit morphology, making it a model to study evolution structural diversity as correlates with lineage diversification. This primary reason 11 Neotropical are monotypic that so many recognized Anacardiaceae. economic value driven by global markets for cashews, mangoes, pistachios, but there great potential its medicinal...

Abstract: Eucalyptolaurus depreii gen. et sp. nov. is proposed for angiosperm leaves newly collected from uppermost Albian – lowermost Cenomanian of Charente‐Maritime (western France). They consist simple, narrow, elongate laminas with entire margins and intramarginal veins. The epidermal cells adaxial cuticle shows small, rounded, blunt papillae outward that protrude inward fuse together as rolls along parallel to the margins, while bears brachyparacytic stomatal apparatus exhibit sunken...

Abstract Morphology and anatomy of a fossil nymphaealean plant, Jaguariba wiersemana gen. nov. et sp. from the late Early Cretaceous northeastern Brazil, extant aquatic flowering plants are comparatively studied. Characteristic features indicate that is member Nymphaeaceae, may belong to Nymphaeoideae. The occurrence both Nymphaeaceae Cabombaceae (e.g., Pluricarpellatia peltata) in Lower contradicts recent molecular dating implying Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary divergence for those...

Abstract Recently, we redescribed an amber inclusion from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin of Myanmar, previously assigned to the extant genus Phylica in Rhamnaceae (core eudicots), and placed it a new fossil‐genus, Nothophylica . Based on our reconstructions, identified floral features instead suggested affinities within magnoliids, especially Laurales. Using parsimony phylogenetic analyses, here substantiate that piloburmensis does not possess any with eudicots but shares unequivocal similarities Our...

Abstract Hexagyne philippiana gen. et sp. nov. represents the first macrofossil piperalean taxon from Early Cretaceous (Aptian). The fossil material northern Gondwana consists of a twig with well‐preserved leaves and characteristic venation pattern plus attached several flowers combined in raceme. new shares many characters, such as leaf shape pattern, well flower morphology, including clearly developed perianth six fused carpels, extant Aristolochiaceae (sensu lato) and/or related clades....

Abstract Dating back to the late Early Cretaceous, macrofossil record of iconic lotus family (Nelumbonaceae) is one oldest flowering plants and suggests that their unmistakable leaves nutlets embedded in large pitted receptacular fruits evolved relatively little 100 million years since first known appearance. Here we describe a new fossil from Barremian/Aptian Crato Formation flora (NE Brazil) with both vegetative reproductive structures, Notocyamus hydrophobus gen. nov. et sp. nov., which...

Iterophyllum lobatum gen. et sp. nov. is reported from the late Barremian lithographic limestones of Las Hoyas, Spain. It consists a simple, petiolate leaf, with pinnately lobed lamina. The dentate thickened margin bears chloranthoid-like glands at lobe apices and sinuses. venation pinnate craspedodromous, three discernible vein orders. Based on low regularity course angles leaf rank, such pattern may represent an early evolved archetype in basal eudicots. An acropetal development mode I....

Coiffard, C. & Gomez, B. 2009: The rise to dominance of the angiosperm kingdom: dispersal, habitat widening and evolution during Late Cretaceous Europe. Lethaia, Vol. 43, pp. 164–169. earliest fossil records angiosperms in Europe occur Barremian consist freshwater wetland plants. From onwards, show a stepwise their ecological range with result that they inhabited most environments by Cenomanian. Nevertheless, had still restricted habitats, while few trees were confined disturbed...

Klitzschophyllites choffatii (Saporta sensu Teixeira) emend. is reported from the upper Albian of Utrillas Formation at Plou locality, Teruel Province, northeastern Spain. The species shows obovate microphylls; dense, flabellate primary and secondary veins interconnected by fine, reticulate tertiary intersecting with an intramarginal vein; small glands in sinuses between triangular teeth. It exhibits more affinities basal eudicots (especially some Ranunculales) than monocots....

Abstract Afropollis is a common element in Cretaceous low‐latitude palynofloras ranging from the Barremian to Cenomanian. Despite an abundant fossil record, its affinities are still elusive. Nine ‐rich subsurface samples Cenomanian Bahariya Formation northern part of Western Desert Egypt were palynologically analysed, and palynoflora was compared with previously published material. The geographical distribution ‐yielding strata known macrofloras. material yielded distinct palynomorph...