Abstract This paper introduces a new algorithm to detect aerosols and clouds based on micropulse lidar measurements. A semidiscretization processing technique is first used inhibit the impact of increasing noise with distance. The value distribution equalization method which reduces magnitude signal variations distance then introduced. Combined empirical threshold values, we determine if waves indicate or aerosols. can separate high accuracy, although differentiation between are subject more...

C-doped mesoporous TiO 2 -supported Cr(OH) 3 modified Ni nanoparticles (Ni–Cr/CTO) with different morphologies were synthesized by a simple wet-chemical method and used as efficient catalysts for hydrogen production from hydrazine borane.

Abstract The development of environmentally benign products has been the subject growing interest in field surfactant chemistry. Acyl amino acid surfactants bearing lysine, serine, threonine, and methionine residues were synthesized using natural oils extracted from coconut, palm kernel, soybean as acyl donors. chemical structures confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/MS) infrared (IR) spectra. Their surface activities, ion‐specific effects, detergency, foam properties...

Salt induced micelle-to-vesicle transitions of ionic surfactants depend on the surfactant chain length, headgroup structure, counterion type and concentration, but interfacial molarities counterions water that balance hydrophobic effect are difficult to determine. In anionic micelles twin-tailed sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT), chemical trapping (CT) method provides estimates headgroups (RSO3-m) neutral (H2Om) nucleophiles during salt AOT vesicles. Product yields were measured...

Whiteness is an important colorimetric characteristic for surface colors. Currently, the CIE whiteness formula widely used to characterize of a in industry, whose limitations have been well documented. In this study, appearance 55 textile samples [43 non-fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) and 12 FWA samples] were evaluated under six lighting conditions, comprising three levels correlated color temperature (CCT) (i.e., 3000, 4000, 6500 K) two UV radiation zero high), by observers with normal...

Abstract This article focuses on human skin colour. Three different colour measuring instruments were used: a tele‐spectroradiometer, de:8° and 45°:0° spectrophotometers. They used to measure 47 subjects who divided into four groups: Chinese, Caucasian, South‐Asian, Dark. Eight locations for each subject measured. The spectral reflectance results first compared. all showed the “W” shape between 550 nm 580 as found by other studies. Those from tele‐spectroradiometer had an increase 600 while...

Whiteness is an important colorimetric characteristic for surface colors.The CIE whiteness formula, the most widely used only characterizes of a color under standard D65 and requires sample to be within small chromaticity region.In this study, 20 observers evaluated appearance 88 samples four light settings at different CCT levels (i.e., 3000, 4000, 5000, 6500 K).The were carefully selected spectral power distributions designed using spectrally tunable LED device, so that chromaticities each...

A narrow-pulsed and velocity-controlled molecular beam system is constructed by using a high-speed chopper temperature adjustable pulsed valve. The duration of the hydrogen pulse reduced to approximately 6.3 µs characterized resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) at distance ~193 mm downstream from nozzle. To precisely determine velocity molecules, pump-probe technique combining stimulated Raman pumping REMPI employed fixed (193 mm) with nanosecond lasers. By adjusting valve,...

Long-chain alcohol induced micelle-to-vesicle transition is accompanied with concurrent increase of interfacial water molarity and decrease counterion molarity.

Ion specific effect, which is also known as Hofmeister has been reported in numerous systems including ionic surfactant aggregates. Acyl amino acid surfactants have attracted growing attentions the field of novel research due to their environmentally benign characteristics. The objective this study was investigate effect different salts containing NH4+ and tetraalkylammonium (TAA+), where alkyl = methyl (TMA+), ethyl (TEA+), propyl (TPA+), cations on dilational rheological properties...

The coupled wave theory for volume holographic grating with curved interference fringes has been proposed based on the Kogelnik’s plane fringes. formula about magnitude and directional angle of vector in arbitrary position deduced. We found that wavelength selectivity angular may be different stripe which depend between propagation reference beam signal beam. larger angle, greater selectivity, whereas weaker.

The error of retrieving the aerosol backscattering ratio with partial Raman spectrum is calculated in present paper. A new method presented for reducing error. One low-level and one high-level line are chose to make up a pseudo-line independent on temperature. Finally, coefficient profiles atmosphere were obtained from signals rotational Lidar our lab. results show that Tropospheric can be retrieved by using without considering relation between extinction backscattering.

Two experiments were conducted for collecting skin database at the Universities of Liverpool and Leeds (UK), Zhejiang University (China). Overall, 235 subjects from 4 different groups (Caucasians, Chinese, South Asian Dark) recruited. Each was measured using types colour measuring methods (tele-spectroradiometer, spectrophotometer, digital camera visual assessment) including 6 instruments 2 sets charts. The results former two are summarised here. analysed in terms distribution, repeatability...

Aerosol extinction coefficient in troposphere is retrieved from Raman-Mie lidar returns. Both the basic principle and two retrieving methods are introduced this paper. Calculated by U.S. Standard Atmospheric Model Temperature Gradient, latter of which means temperature value may decrease with rising altitude, their results compared so that differences between can be clearly seen. A more suitable condition, matches presented.

3D detection is an important application of Lidar. A range imaging Lidar system presented in this paper. The longitudinal resolution poor because the length pulse width and gate time ICCD, which together determine detected from a single laser shot. To improve resolution, power distribution received by one pixel ICCD analyzed, method put forward. In method, setting step interval delay to value width, object will be two neighboring images, it can precisely located through analysis values...

Amino acid surfactants have been applied to numerous areas of science and are often used in the presence electrolytes. In this study, interfacial rheological behaviors potassium N-cocoyl glycinate (KCGl), an amino surfactant, with three kinds electrolytes (KCl, CaCl2 tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr)) investigated using oscillating drop method. The tensions (IFTs) dilational parameters show that KCGl conjunction has enhanced activity stronger intermolecular interaction than pure KCGl,...

In this paper, we investigate the Gibbs measures associated with focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation an anharmonic potential. We establish a dichotomy for normalizability and non-normalizability of in one dimension higher dimensions radial data. This extends recent result third fourth authors Robert Seong (2022), where harmonic potential were addressed. Notably, case subharmonic potential, identify novel critical nonlinearity (below usual mass-critical exponent) which exhibit phase...