Fatty acids have been investigated as boundary structures to construct artificial cells due their dynamic properties and phase transitions. Here we explored the possibility that fatty acid systems also demonstrate movement. An oil was loaded with a anhydride precursor introduced an aqueous micelle solution. The droplets showed autonomous, sustained movement through media. Internal convection created positive feedback loop, of droplet drove fresh surface become hydrolyzed. As system...

A micrometer-sized oil droplet of 4-octylaniline containing 5 mol % an amphiphilic catalyst exhibited a self-propelled motion, producing tiny droplets, in aqueous dispersion precursor 4-octylaniline. The droplets on the surface were conveyed to posterior and released solution. Thus persistent movement becomes possible this chemical system, because processing energy mechanical proceeds by consuming exogenous fuel, not itself. mechanism unidirectional motion is hypothesized terms asymmetric...

Abstract Self-organized lipid structures (protocells) have been proposed as an intermediate between nonliving material and cellular life. Synthetic production of model protocells can demonstrate the potential processes by which living cells first arose. While we previously described a giant vesicle (GV)-based protocell in amplification DNA was linked to self-reproduction, ability recursively self-proliferate for multiple generations has not demonstrated. Here show that newborn daughter GVs...

Novel self-reproducing giant vesicles, consisting of a vesicular amphiphile with an imine group in its hydrophobic chain, were constructed. This amphiphile, the product dehydrocondensation reaction between amphiphilic aldehyde and lipophilic aniline derivative, could be prepared within vesicles. When protected form precursor was added to suspension vesicles containing catalyst, two precursors took place inside produced same as one which constitutes original vesicle. The newly formed...

Abstract Research on so‐called “chemical artificial intelligence” (CAI) is an emerging field with the aim of constructing information‐processing systems learning capabilities based chemical methodologies. This can be regarded as attempt to reconstruct Cybernetics using molecular systems. Many reaction computational abilities are proposed, but most fixed functions that deliver output for a given input. On other hand, AI system capability; namely, should variable and gradually change upon...

We used fluorescence flow cytometry to analyze the structural properties of populations giant liposomes formed by different preparation methods. The inner aqueous volumes and nominal membrane surface areas a large number individual were measured simultaneously using fluorescent markers. compared these prepared natural swelling method, freeze-dried empty water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method. A two-dimensional contour distribution map volume area was elucidate over wide range liposome sizes....

Self-propelled oil droplets in a nonequilibrium system have drawn much attention as both primitive type of inanimate chemical machinery and dynamic model the origin life. Here, to create pH-sensitive self-propelled motion droplets, we synthesized cationic surfactants containing hydrolyzable ester linkages. We found that n-heptyloxybenzaldehyde were presence ester-containing surfactant. In basic solution prepared with sodium hydroxide, moved molecular aggregates formed on their surface....

Liquefaction and solidification of materials are the most fundamental changes observed during thermal phase transitions, yet design organic polymeric soft showing isothermal reversible liquid-nonliquid conversion remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that solvent-free repeatable molecular architectural transformation between liquid-star nonliquid-network polymers relies on cleavage reformation a covalent bond in hexaarylbiimidazole. Liquid four-armed star-shaped poly(n-butyl acrylate)...

Liposomes encapsulating cytoskeletons have drawn much recent attention to develop an artificial cell-like chemical-machinery; however, as far we know, there has been no report showing isothermally reversible morphological changes of liposomes containing because the sets various regulatory factors, that is, their interacting proteins, are required control state every reaction system cytoskeletons. Here focused on hydrostatic pressure polymerization microtubules (MTs) within cell-sized giant...

Three different colored fluorescent fatty acids containing BODIPY with extremely high fluorescence quantum yields have been synthesized as probes for investigating the dynamics of membranes. Colored vesicles each probe, which were located in interior bilayer membranes, distinguished from other by microscopy.

We have developed a method to evaluate the fusion process of giant vesicles using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Three fluorescent markers and FACS technology were used extent association vesicles. Two encapsulated in different vesicle populations as markers; when these associate, two independent should be observed simultaneously single detection event. The quenched marker dequencher, which separate populations, marker. When internal aqueous solutions mix, is liberated by...

Self-propelled motion of micrometer-sized substances has drawn much attention as an autonomous transportation system. One candidate vehicle is a chemically driven oil droplet. However, to the best our knowledge, there been no report chemical reaction system controlling three-dimensional droplets underwater. In this study, we developed molecular that controlled self-propelled 4-heptyloxybenzaldehyde by using novel gemini cationic surfactants containing carbonate linkages (2G12C). We found...

To date, biochemical approaches to membrane receptors have been limited the following methods: knockout or overexpression of by gene introduction and genome engineering extraction receptor–surfactant complexes from innate cells their into model biomembranes. Here, we describe development a third method involving expression using cell-free in situ protein synthesis inside biomembrane capsules. We verified this synthesizing olfactory silkmoth Bombyx mori giant vesicles found that they were...

Vesicles composed of phospholipids (liposomes) have attracted interest as artificial cell models and been widely studied to explore lipid-lipid lipid-protein interactions. However, the size dispersity liposomes prepared by conventional methods was a major problem that inhibited their use in high-throughput analyses based on monodisperse liposomes. In this study, we developed an integrative microfluidic device enables both size-based selection trapping This consists hydrodynamic channels...

The self-reproduction of supramolecular assemblies based on the synthesis and self-assembly building blocks is a critical step towards construction chemical systems with autonomous, adaptive, propagation properties. In this report, we demonstrate that giant vesicles can grow produce daughter by synthesizing incorporating phospholipids in situ from ad-hoc precursors. Our model involves acyl chain elongation via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction ensuing production...

The present study provides evidence that a kind of nucleic acid base crystal, guanine shows distinct magnetic orientation. Under the condition where crystal boards were lying on glass surface due to gravity, gradually oriented their length applied horizontal fields 400 mT. On other hand, vertical parallel Earth's gravity caused width be along fields. Moreover, combining both and produced rapid alignment

A morphological transformation from hybrid micelles to giant vesicles was observed in aqueous dispersion associated with formation of a double-chained amphiphile as result the migration dodecylamine amphiphilic imine aldehyde within hydrophobic environment aggregates.

Abstract The distribution of surface tension on the front and rear sides a camphor boat continuously moving an aqueous-phase solution was observed by time-resolved quasi-elastic laser scattering method. uniform motion induced difference in between sides. A surface-tension gradient developed along side, resulting Marangoni convection that decelerated boat.

"Molecular Cybernetics" is an emerging research field aiming the development of "Chemical AI", artificial intelligence with memory and learning capabilities based on molecular communication. It originated from Robotics", which studies systems that comprise three basic elements robots; Sensing, Planning, Acting. Development Amoeba-type robot (unicellular cell,) motivated construction multicellular cell mimicking nerve systems. The major challenges in cybernetics are communication over two...

Liposomes have attracted attention as a compartment for various synthetic biomolecular systems, including artificial cells and drug delivery carriers. Notably, micrometer‐sized liposomes (MSLs) emerged key platform engineering de novo extending beyond their role model compartments in scientific research. However, there is still lack of reviews on MSLs from the perspective systems across disciplines basic sciences to applied engineering. In this review, we aim fill gap by providing...