A5024784063- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Diverticular Disease and Complications
- Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Forest Management and Policy
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
- Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes
- Climate variability and models
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Plant and animal studies
- Hernia repair and management
- Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2016-2025
Conservation Leadership Programme
2024-2025
University of Cambridge
2024-2025
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling
2016-2018
Frimley Park Hospital
2003-2015
Queen Mary University of London
2015
University of Missouri
2008
University of Tasmania
2008
Virginia Commonwealth University
2006
Richmond Behavioral Health Authority
2006
Nineteen ninety-eight marks the 25th anniversary of release first HITRAN database. is recognized as international standard fundamental spectroscopic parameters for diverse atmospheric and laboratory transmission radiance calculations. There have been periodic editions over past decades database has expanded improved with respect to molecular species spectral range covered, number included, accuracy this information. The 1996 edition not only includes customary line-by-line transition...
Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) is a new remote sensing instrument aboard Earth Observing System (EOS) “Terra” satellite which exploits gas correlation radiometry principles to quantify tropospheric concentrations carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ). The MOPITT CO retrieval algorithm employs nonlinear optimal estimation method iteratively solve for profile statistically most consistent with both satellite‐measured radiances priori information. algorithm's...
The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) forms the main infrared sounding component of European Organisation for Exploitation Meteorological Satellites's (EUMETSAT's) Operation (MetOp)-A satellite (Klaes et al. 2007), which was launched in October 2006. This article presents results first 4 yr operational IASI mission. performance instrument is shown to be exceptional terms calibration and stability. quality data has allowed rapid use observations numerical weather prediction...
We present here a fully coupled global aerosol and chemistry model for the troposphere. The is used to assess interactions between aerosols chemical oxidants in troposphere, including (1) conversion from gas‐phase into condensed phase during formation of aerosols, (2) heterogeneous reactions occurring on surface (3) effect ultraviolet radiation photolysis rates. study uses three‐dimensional chemical/transport model, Model Ozone Related Chemical Tracers, version 2 (MOZART‐2), which are with...
Biomass burning is a major source of pollution in the tropical Southern Hemisphere, and fine mode carbonaceous particles are produced by same combustion processes that emit carbon monoxide (CO). In this paper we examine these emissions with data from Terra satellite, CO profiles Measurement Pollution Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, fine‐mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The satellite measurements used conjunction calculations MOZART...
The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is scheduled for launch in February 2020 to monitor air quality (AQ) at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution from a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) the first time. With development of UV–visible spectrometers sub-nm spectral sophisticated retrieval algorithms, estimates column amounts atmospheric pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO, aerosols) can be obtained. To date, all satellite missions monitoring have been low...
Abstract. Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) distributions are controlled by anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, transport and oxidation reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). Quantifying trends in CO is therefore important for understanding changes related to all of these contributions. Here we present a comprehensive record satellite observations from 2000 through 2011 total column using available measurements nadir-viewing thermal infrared instruments: MOPITT, AIRS, TES IASI. We...
Following past studies to quantify decadal trends in global carbon monoxide (CO) using satellite observations, we update estimates and find a CO trend column amounts of about −0.50 % per year between 2002 2018, which is deceleration compared analyses performed on shorter records that found −1 year. Aerosols are co-emitted with from both fires anthropogenic sources but lifetime than CO. A combined analysis aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements space helps diagnose the drivers regional...
Measurements from the Terra satellite launched in December of 1999 provide a global record recent interannual variability tropospheric air quality: carbon monoxide (CO) Measurement Pollution Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument and aerosol optical depth (AOD) Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This paper compares contrasts these data sets with view to understanding general features overall pollutant loading Northern Hemisphere (NH). We present detailed examination seasonal...
Abstract. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp satellite measures carbon monoxide (CO) on a global scale, twice day. CO total columns and vertical profiles are retrieved in near real time from nadir radiance spectra measured by instrument thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range. This paper describes measurement sensitivity provides first assessment of capabilities IASI to measure distributions. On 0.8 2.4 independent pieces information available for...
Satellite observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Measurements Pollution in Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument are combined with measurements Transport and Chemical Evolution Over Pacific (TRACE‐P) aircraft mission over northwest a global three‐dimensional chemical transport model (GEOS‐CHEM) to quantify Asian pollution outflow its trans‐Pacific during spring 2001. Global CO column distributions MOPITT GEOS‐CHEM highly correlated ( R 2 = 0.87), no significant bias. The largest regional...
Validation of the Measurements Pollution in Troposphere (MOPITT) retrievals carbon monoxide (CO) has been performed with a varied set correlative data. These include situ observations from regular program aircraft at five sites ranging Arctic to tropical South Pacific Ocean. Additional profiles are available several short‐term research campaigns situated over North and America, Africa, Oceans. measurements crucial component validation retrieved CO columns MOPITT. The current results indicate...
Only 1% to 8% of adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive hospital discharge.To compare resuscitation outcomes before and after an urban emergency medical services (EMS) system switched from manual cardiopulmonary (CPR) load-distributing band (LDB) CPR.A phased, observational cohort evaluation intention-to-treat analysis 783 out-of-hospital, nontraumatic arrest. A total 499 patients were included in the CPR phase (January 1, 2001, March 31, 2003) 284 LDB-CPR (December 20, 2003,...
Using both thermal infrared (TIR) and near (NIR) channels of MOPITT (Measurements Pollution in the Troposphere) on EOS‐Terra, we demonstrate first coincident multispectral retrievals carbon monoxide (CO) from space. Exploiting TIR NIR has been possible due to recent progress characterizing channel radiance errors. This allowed us trade off sensitivity surface CO for larger random errors combined retrieval. By examining retrieval diagnostics such as DFS (degrees freedom signal) averaging...
The summer of 2004 was one the largest fire seasons on record for Alaska and western Canada. We construct a daily bottom‐up emission inventory that season, including consideration peat burning high‐altitude (buoyant) injection, evaluate it in global chemical transport model (the GEOS‐Chem CTM) simulation CO through comparison with MOPITT satellite ICARTT aircraft observations. is constructed by combining area burned reports MODIS hot spots estimates fuel consumption factors based ecosystem...
This paper presents results of the inverse modeling carbon monoxide surface sources on a monthly and regional basis using MOPITT (Measurement Of Pollution In The Troposphere) CO retrievals. targeted time period is from April 2000 to March 2001. A sequential time‐dependent inversion scheme implemented correct an priori set mean sources. posteriori estimates for total anthropogenic (fossil fuel + biofuel biomass burning) in TgCO/yr are 509 Asia, 267 Africa, 140 North America, 90 Europe 84...
Fire has a role in ecosystem services; naturally produced wildfires are important for the sustainability of many terrestrial biomes and fire is one nature's primary carbon-cycling mechanisms. Under warming climate, it likely that frequency severity will increase. There some evidence activity may already be increasing Western U.S. forests recent exceptionally intense events, such as Australian Black Saturday fires 2009 Russian 2010, highlight devastation associated with extreme weather. The...
Vertical profiles of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and corresponding total column values derived from measurements made by the Measurements Pollution in Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument are now being processed operationally with “version 4” (V4) retrieval algorithm. This algorithm exploits results analyses situ data, chemical transport modeling, radiative transfer modeling MOPITT postlaunch era. Improvements V4 product evident both clean polluted conditions. The new products...
Abstract Validation results are reported for the MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in Troposphere) “Version 5” (V5) product tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) and compared to 4” product. The V5 retrieval algorithm introduces (1) a method reducing bias drift associated with long‐term instrumental degradation, (2) more exact representation effects random errors radiances and, first time, (3) use MOPITT's near‐infrared (NIR) complement thermal‐infrared (TIR) radiances. Exploiting TIR NIR...
The sensitivity of Measurements Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) observations to carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations lower troposphere (LT) varies widely as result variability thermal contrast conditions. This effect is evident both MOPITT weighting functions and averaging kernels, particularly after these quantities are properly normalized remove grid effects. Comparisons simulated kernels with operational data confirm significance Retrieval LT CO greatest daytime over land, tropical...
We review the progress of tropospheric trace gas observations and address need for additional measurement capabilities as recommended by National Research Council. Tropospheric measurements show pollution in Northern Hemisphere a result fossil fuel burning strong seasonal dependence with largest amounts carbon monoxide nitrogen dioxide winter spring. In summer, when photochemistry is most intense, photochemically generated ozone found large concentrations over downwind from where...
The Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases aerosols coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit, providing continuous observations within field of view. To fulfill mandate address challenge put forth NRC, two GEO-CAPE Working Groups (SWGs), representing atmospheric composition color disciplines, have...