Castration of an adult male rat results in the rapid regression ventral prostate gland. Most acinar epithelial cells lining ducts gland will die during first 5 days after androgen withdrawal. The molecular events which accompany death these were studied by examining RNA isolated from glands normal and a sequential 24-h series castrate rats. These RNAs analyzed Northern blot methods to quantify expression growth-related (c-fos, c-myc, heat shock 70K) cell maintenance (atubulin) genes...

Flaviviruses include the most prevalent and medically challenging viruses. Persistent infection with flaviviruses of epithelial cells hepatocytes that do not undergo cell death is common. Here, we report that, in cells, up-regulation autophagy following flavivirus markedly enhances virus replication one gene, NS4A, uniquely determines autophagy. Dengue-2 Modoc (a murine flavivirus) kill primary macrophages but protect fibroblasts against provoked by several insults. The flavivirus-induced...

DNA fragmentation was evaluated in three instances of programmed cell death, interdigital death embryonic mouse limbs, and metamorphic both the labial glands intersegmental muscle tobacco hornworm Manduca sexto. In mouse, we developmental expandedrange induced by retinoic acid. The status examined several ways. Nuclei were electron microscopy Feulgen staining. Quantitative assessment total content Feulgenstained degenerating nuclei made for gland. gland, does not drop during early phases...

A unique member of the mouse HSP70 gene family has been isolated and characterized with respect to its DNA sequence organization expression. The contains extensive similarity a heat shock-inducible within coding region but diverges in both 3' 5' nontranslated regions. does not yield transcripts response shock L cells. Rather, appears be activated uniquely male germ line. Analysis RNA from different developmental stages enriched populations spermatogenic cells revealed that this is expressed...

Abstract A virus that reproduces in a host without killing cells can easily establish successful infection. Previously, we showed dengue-2, threatens 40% of the world, induces autophagy, enabling dengue to reproduce triggering cell death. Autophagy further protects virus-laden from insults. In this study, evaluate how it does so; show upregulates pathways increase namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling followed by production reactive oxygen...

Classical apoptotic cell death can be defined by certain morphological and biochemical characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of death. One such feature, which is a hallmark apoptosis, DNA fragmentation. In dying cells, cleaved an endonuclease fragments the chromatin into nucleosomal units, are multiples about 180-bp oligomers appear as ladder when run on agarose gel. Here, we present commonly used methods conventional gel electrophoresis to analyze fragmented nuclei in cells....

Mouse somatic tissues contain low levels of transcripts homologous to the heat shock-inducible and cognate members shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene family. An abundant, unique sized hsp70 mRNA 2.7 kilobases (kb) is present in testes absence exogenous stress. Its expression restricted germ cells developmentally regulated. The 2.7-kb transcript first appears during haploid phase spermatogenesis stable throughout morphogenic stages spermiogenesis. A rat human testes. These observations suggest...

Sexual dimorphisms are typically attributed to the hormonal differences arising once sex differentiation has occurred. However, in some sexually dimorphic diseases that differ frequency but not severity, cannot be logically connected hormones. Therefore, we asked whether any aspect of sexual dimorphism could chromosomal rather than differences. Cells taken from mice at d 10.5 postconception (PC) before differentiation, 17.5 PC after first embryonic assertion hormones, and postnatal day 17...

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in pre‑microRNA (miRNA) may alter miRNA expression levels or processing and contribute to susceptibility a wide range of diseases. The present study aimed evaluate the possible association between rs2910164 rs3746444 pre-miRNA (hsa-mir-146a hsa-mir-499) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) an Iranian population. This case-control was performed on 104 patients with RA 110 healthy individuals. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction used...

Influenza virus causes infected cells to generate large numbers of lipid droplets. Because the envelope contains substantial cholesterol, we applied atorvastatin (ATV) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney before infecting them. Five micromolars ATV, within physiologic range, strongly (>95%) inhibits reproduction influenza A as measured by PCR viral RNA, plaque assay for viable virus, and production nucleoprotein (NP). Inhibition any following can suppress formation droplets (>-50%) but does not...

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus of global concern, has been associated with neurological complications including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain–Barré syndrome adults. Like other flaviviruses, ZIKV depends on cholesterol to facilitate its replication; thus, proposed as a therapeutic target treat the infection using FDA-approved statins. Cholesterol is stored intracellular lipid droplets (LD) form esters can be regulated by autophagy. We hypothesize that hijacks...

In a series of studies to more precisely localize the cellular sites expression cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) family members in reproductive organs, we observed striking Cdk5 atretic follicles ovary, particularly granulosa cells that appeared be dying. We determined these were undergoing apoptotic cell death using thein situDNA fragmentation assay. To extend generality association with cells, examined its as it correlated detection apoptosis number developmental paradigms, including regions...

The ectopic overexpression of Bcl-2 restricts both influenza A virus-induced apoptosis and virus replication in MDCK cells, thus suggesting a role for family members during infection. Here we report that cannot establish an apoptotic response without functional Bax, downstream target Bcl-2, Bax Bak are directly involved cell death. is substantially downregulated infection the knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts yields dramatic rise rate death corresponding increase levels replication,...