The natural target of the botulinum neurototoxin type A (BoNT-A) is neuromuscular junction. When injected into a muscle, BoNT-A internalized by motoneurone terminals where it functions as an endopeptidase, cleaving protein components synaptic machinery responsible for vesicle docking and exocytosis. As result, induces characteristic flaccid paralysis affected muscle. In animal models, applied in periphery can also influence central activity via retrograde transport transcytosis. An analogous...

Key points The spinal cord is an important contributor to motor learning It remains unclear whether short‐term adaptations are general or task‐specific Immediately after task acquisition, neural were not specific the trained (i.e. general) Twenty‐four hours appeared be reorganization and generalization of appears time‐dependent. Abstract Spinal plasticity in humans, although its mechanisms still poorly documented. In particular, it task‐specific. As a marker changes that observable at level,...

Abstract Remote digital monitoring of Huntington’s disease (HD) has potential to enhance the development therapeutics, but no data-driven motor score exists quantify diversity manifestations and track their progression. The Disease Digital Motor progression Score (HDDMS), co-designed by people with HD neurologists, is a composite for measuring in clinical research. It derived from smartphone sensor-based tests included remote platform. Developing HDDMS involved selecting features that test...

The effect of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) in stroke patients' upper limbs has been attributed to its peripheral action only. However, BoNT-A depressed recurrent inhibition lumbar motoneurons, likely due retrograde transportation along motor axons affecting synapses Renshaw cells. Because cells control group Ia interneurons mediating reciprocal between antagonists, we tested whether this inhibition, particularly affected after stroke, could recover BoNT-A. posterior tibial nerve (PTN)...

Abstract Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) at imperceptible levels has been shown to reduce body sway. This reduction was commonly attributed the mechanism of stochastic resonance (SR). However, it never explicitly tested whether nGVS-induced effects on sway consistently follow a SR-like bell-shaped performance curve with maximal reductions in particular range noise intensities. To test this, 21 young healthy participants measured during varying nGVS amplitudes while standing eyes...

Abstract Aims Different modalities of strength training cause performance enhancements, which are specific for the trained task. However, involved mechanisms still largely unknown. It has been demonstrated that could induce neuroplasticity, might underlie improvements during first sessions. Thus, we hypothesized to find task‐specific neuroplasticity after a short‐term two distinct tasks. Methods Young healthy male subjects were exposed 4 sessions either maximal isometric explosive ( EXPL...

Slackline training is a challenging and motivating type of balance training, with potential usefulness for fall prevention rehabilitation. However, short-term slackline seems to elicit mostly task-specific performance improvements, reducing its general programs. It was tested whether longer duration (three months, 2 sessions per week) would induce transfer untrained tasks. Balance pre post on the used during different slack, in 5 non-trained static dynamic tasks (N = 12, N control 14). After...

In humans, propriospinal neurons located at midcervical levels receive peripheral and corticospinal inputs probably participate in the control of grip tasks, but their role reaching movements, as observed cats primates, is still an open question. The effect ulnar nerve stimulation on flexor carpi radialis (FCR) motor evoked potential (MEP) was tested during tasks tonic wrist flexion. Significant MEP facilitation end reach reach-to-grasp not grasp, reach-to-point, or contractions. occurred a...

Crossed reflex action mediated by muscle spindle afferent inputs has recently been revealed in humans. This raised the question of whether a complex spinal network involving commissural interneurons receiving from proprioceptors and suprasegmental structures, as described cats, persists humans contributes to interlimb coordination during movement. First, we investigated neurophysiological mechanisms underlying crossed between ankle plantar flexors its corticospinal control primary motor...

Two independent lines of research propose that exertion mental effort can impair subsequent performance due to ego depletion or fatigue. In this meta-analysis, we unite these fields facilitate a greater exchange between the two, summarize extant literature and highlight open questions. We performed meta-analysis quantify effect ego-depletion fatigue on physical endurance (42 sizes). found leads reduction in (ES = -0.506 [95% CI: -0.649, -0.369]) duration prior did not predict magnitude...

We investigated the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) on sensitive decision making female team sports referees. Twenty-four referees voluntarily participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and sham-controlled study. In three different sessions, participants received either (a-tDCS; anode (+) F4, cathode (-) supraorbital region (SO)), cathodal (c-tDCS; -F4/+SO), or sham tDCS (sh-tDCS) a randomized...

Abstract The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on post‐discharge histograms single motor units in the first dorsal interosseous have been tested to estimate input–output properties cortical network‐mediating short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) pyramidal cells human primary cortex. SICI was studied using paired pulse paradigm (2‐ms interval): test TMS intensity varied evoke peaks different size histograms, reflecting corticospinal excitatory post‐synaptic potential...

Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the capacity to enhance force output during a short‐lasting maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) as well long‐lasting submaximal until task failure. However, its effect on an intermittent effort is not known. We hypothesized that anodal tDCS applied or before fatigue increases amplitude of (aMVC) and activation (VA) in young healthy male participants. measured VA, potentiated twitch at rest (Ptw), root mean square electromyogram...

Reciprocal Ia inhibition constitutes a key segmental neuronal pathway for coordination of antagonist muscles. In this study, we investigated the soleus H-reflex and reciprocal exerted from flexor group afferents on motoneurons during standing walking in 15 healthy subjects following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The effects separate TMS or deep peroneal nerve (DPN) combined (TMS + DPN) stimuli were assessed at mid- late stance phases walking. Subthreshold induced short-latency...

It has been proposed that one reason physical effort is perceived as costly because of the self-control demands are necessary to persist in a physically demanding task. The application control conceptualized value-based decision, hinges on an optimization costs and available reward. Here, we drew labor supply theory investigate effects Income Compensated Wage Decrease (ICWD) persistence strenuous Research shown ICWD reduced amount participants willing apply, expected this translate...

Despite the potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to improve performances in patients suffering from motor neuronal afflictions, its effect on performance enhancement healthy subjects during a specific sport task is still unknown. We hypothesized that after an intermittent theta burst (iTBS) treatment, Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) will increase and supraspinal fatigue following exercise be lower comparison control treatment. Ten participated two randomized...

Studies investigating balance control often use external perturbations to probe the system. These can be administered as randomized, pseudo-randomized, or predictable sequences. As predictability of a given perturbation affect performance, way those are constructed may results experiments. In present study, we hypothesized that subjects able adapt short, rhythmic support surface tilt stimuli, but not long pseudo-random stimuli. 19 were standing with eyes closed on servo-controlled platform...

Giboin, L-S and Gruber, M. Neuromuscular fatigue induced by a mixed martial art training protocol. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 469-477, 2022-Mixed arts (MMA) is full-contact sport whose popularity professionalism are rapidly growing. However, the specific physiological demands of this have been only scarcely studied so far, especially amount or type neuromuscular an MMA bout remains completely unknown. We estimated knee extensors muscles during after protocol designed to simulate competition...

Inhibitory propriospinal neurons with diffuse projections onto upper limb motoneurons have been revealed in humans using peripheral nerve stimulation. This system is supposed to mediate descending inhibition motoneurons, prevent unwilling muscle activity. However, the corticospinal control inhibitory has never investigated so far humans. We addressed question whether cervical receive inputs from primary motor (M1) and ventral premotor areas (PMv) spatial facilitation method. stimulated M1 or...