A5009573971- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Forest Management and Policy
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Forest ecology and management
- Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Climate change and permafrost
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
University of Idaho
2015-2024
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2013-2024
Colorado State University
2023
Energy Biosciences Institute
2013-2015
International University of the Caribbean
2014
Oregon State University
2007-2013
Significance Regional quantification of feasibility and effectiveness forest strategies to mitigate climate change should integrate observations mechanistic ecosystem process models with future climate, CO 2 , disturbances from fire, management. Here, we demonstrate this approach in a high biomass region, found that reforestation, afforestation, lengthened harvest cycles on private lands, restricting public lands increased net carbon balance by 56% 2100, the latter two actions contributing...
Net uptake of carbon from the atmosphere (net ecosystem production, NEP) is dependent on climate, disturbance history, management practices, forest age, and type. To improve understanding influence these factors stocks flux in western United States, federal inventory data supplemental field measurements at additional plots were used to estimate several important components balance forests Oregon Northern California during 1990s. Species‐ ecoregion‐specific allometric equations live dead...
Abstract GHG mitigation by bioenergy crops depends on crop type, management practices, and the input of residue carbon (C) to soil. Perennial grasses may increase soil C compared annual because more extensive root systems, but it is less clear how much derived from above‐ vs. belowground inputs. The objective this study was synthesize existing knowledge regarding inputs residues in regions cultivated with sugarcane, corn, miscanthus, predict impact removal tillage stocks. literature review...
Abstract Recent prolonged droughts and catastrophic wildfires in the western United States have raised concerns about potential for forest mortality to impact structure, ecosystem services, economic vitality of communities coming decades. We used Community Land Model (CLM) determine vulnerability from drought fire by year 2049. modified CLM represent 13 major types ran simulations at a 4‐km grid resolution, driven with climate projections two general circulation models under one emissions...
Abstract 21st‐century modeling of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from bioenergy crops is necessary to quantify the extent which production can mitigate climate change. For over 30 years, Century‐based biogeochemical models have provided preeminent framework for belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in ecosystem earth system models. While monthly Century daily time‐step version (DayCent) advanced our ability predict sustainability crop production, new advances feedstock generation,...
Abstract Perennial grasses have been proposed as viable bioenergy crops because of their potential to yield harvestable biomass on marginal lands annually without displacing food and contribute greenhouse gas ( GHG ) reduction by storing carbon in soil. Switchgrass, miscanthus, restored native prairie are among the being considered corn agricultural regions Midwest eastern United States. In this study, we used an extensive dataset site observations for each these evaluate improve DayCent...
We develop an integrated framework to determine and compare greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities production costs of cellulosic ethanol derived from corn stover, switchgrass, miscanthus grown on high low quality soils for three representative counties in the Eastern United States. This information is critical assessing cost-effectiveness utilizing mitigating GHG emissions designing appropriate policy incentives support nationwide. find considerable variations across feedstocks locations mostly...
Abstract Atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) must be reduced to avoid an unsustainable climate. Because carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and sequestered in forests wood products, mitigation strategies sustain increase forest sequestration are being developed. These require full accounting of sector GHG budgets. Here, we describe a rigorous approach using over one million observations inventory data regionally calibrated life-cycle assessment for calculating cradle-to-grave...
Wildfire is an essential earth-system process, impacting ecosystem processes and the carbon cycle. Forest fires are becoming more frequent severe, yet gaps exist in modeling of fire on vegetation dynamics. Strategies for reducing dioxide (CO2 ) emissions from wildfires include increasing tree harvest, largely based public assumption that burn live forests to ground, despite observations indicating less than 5% mature biomass actually consumed. This misconception also reflected though...
Abstract Increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition (N dep ) can strongly affect the greenhouse gas ( GHG ; CO 2 , CH 4 and N O) sink capacity of grasslands as well other terrestrial ecosystems. Robust predictions net strength depend on how experimental loads compare to projected rates, accurately relationship between fluxes is characterized. A literature review revealed that vast majority were higher than levels these ecosystems are predicted experience future. Using a process‐based...
Abstract. Water availability constrains the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems is projected to change in many parts world over coming century. We quantified response tree net primary productivity (NPP), live biomass (BIO), mean carbon residence time (CRT = BIO / NPP) spatial variation water western US. used forest inventory measurements from 1953 mature stands (> 100 years) Washington, Oregon, California (WAORCA) along with satellite climate data sets covering summarized...
Abstract In the age of biofuel innovation, bioenergy crop sustainability assessment has determined how candidate systems alter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle. These research efforts revealed perennial crops, such as switchgrass, increase belowground soil organic (SOC) lose less N than annual like maize. As demand for increases, land managers will need to choose whether invest in food or fuel cropping systems. However, little focused on C cycle impacts reverting purpose‐grown crops back We...
This paper provides a review and comparison of strategies to increase forest carbon, reduce species losses for climate change mitigation adaptation in the United States. It compares management actions that are taking place or being proposed wildfire risk carbon storage with recent research findings. International agreements state safeguarding biodiversity ecosystems is fundamental resilience respect impacts on them, their roles mitigation. The Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change report...
Abstract. Bottom-up scaling of net ecosystem production (NEP) and biome (NBP) was used to generate a carbon budget for large heterogeneous region (the state Oregon, 2.5×105 km2) in the western United States. Landsat resolution (30 m) remote sensing provided basis mapping land cover disturbance history, thus allowing us account all major fire logging events over last 30 years. For NEP, 23-year record (1980–2002) distributed meteorology (1 km resolution) at daily time step drive process-based...
Abstract. Ecosystem process models are important tools for determining the interactive effects of global change and disturbance on forest carbon dynamics. Here we evaluated improved terrestrial cycling simulated by Community Land Model (CLM4), land model portion Earth System (CESM1.0.4). Our analysis was conducted primarily in Oregon forests using FLUXNET inventory data period 2001–2006. We go beyond prior modeling studies region incorporating regional variation physiological parameters from...
Abstract Warming temperatures and increasing CO 2 are likely to have large effects on the amount of carbon stored in soil, but predictions these poorly constrained. We elevated temperature (canopy: +2.8 °C; soil growing season: +1.8 fallow: +2.3 °C) for 3 years within 9th–11th an (+200 ppm) experiment a maize–soybean agroecosystem, measured respiration by roots microbes, then used process‐based ecosystem model (DayCent) simulate decadal warming enrichment C. Both heating increased from...
Climate mitigation activities in forests need to be quantified terms of the long-term effects on forest carbon stocks, accumulation, and emissions. The impacts future environmental change bioenergy harvests regional storage have not been quantified. We conducted a comprehensive modeling study life-cycle assessment projected changes climate, CO2 concentration, N deposition, region-wide management policies fluxes. By 2100, if current strategies continue, then warming fertilization effect given...
Human population and economic growth are accelerating the demand for plant biomass to provide food, fuel, fiber. The annual increment of meet these needs is quantified as net primary production (NPP). Here we show that an underlying assumption in some current models may lead underestimates potential from managed landscapes, particularly bioenergy crops have low nitrogen requirements. Using a simple light-use efficiency model theoretical maximum with which canopies convert solar radiation...
Climate change has intensified the scale of global wildfire impacts in recent decades. In order to reduce fire impacts, management policies are being proposed western United States lower risk that focus on harvesting trees, including large-diameter trees. Many already do not include diameter limits and some have increases fuel reduction strategies. While primary goal is reduction, these been interpreted as strategies can be used save trees from killed by fire, thus preventing carbon...
Abstract Empirical models relating forest attributes to remotely sensed metrics are widespread in the literature and underpin many of our efforts map structure across complex landscapes. In this study we compared empirical Landsat reflectance age Oregon using two alternate sets ground data: one from a large (n ∼ 1500) systematic inventory another smaller set plots < 50) deliberately selected represent pure conditions along predefined structural gradients. Models built with targeted...