Abstract How populations of long‐living species respond to climate change depends on phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation processes. Marginal are expected have lags in (i.e. differences between the climatic optimum that maximizes population fitness climate) because they receive pre‐adapted alleles from core preventing them reaching a their climatically marginal habitat. Yet, whether common feature across phylogenetically ecologically different how can with remain unexplored. To test...

A good knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns causes wildfire ignition is crucial to an effective fire policy. However, little known about situation in south-eastern France because database contains unreliable data. We used data for cases with well-established from 1973–2013 determine location spatial hotspots, seasonal distribution, underlying anthropogenic and environmental drivers tendency five main generate large fires. Anthropogenic ignitions were predominant (88%) near human...

A new fire policy reinforcing aggressive suppression was established in Mediterranean France response to the devastating wildfires of 1990s, but what extent this has changed activity yet remains poorly understood. For purpose, we compared number and location ignitions burned areas between two 20-year periods (1975–1994 vs. 1995–2014), parallel changes fuel covering, human promoting ignitions, weather. The fires decreased almost continuously since 1975, sharply after 1994, suggesting an...

Relationships between the flammability properties of a given plant and its chances survival after fire still remain unknown. We hypothesize that bark tree reduces potential for following surface fires, if resistance to is provided by thick insulating bark, latter must be few flammable. tests, on subalpine species, relationship ability, identifies biological traits determine flammability, assesses their relative susceptibility fires from properties. The experimental set burning was analyzed...

Human activities have altered fire regimes for millennia by suppressing or enhancing natural activity. However, whether these anthropogenic pressures on activity exceeded and will surpass climate forcing still remains uncertain. We tested if, how the extent to which seasonal in southern France has recently (1976–2009) deviated from climate-expected trends. The latter were simulated using an ensemble of detrended fire–climate models. found both regional contrasts climatic effects through a...

DATA REPORT article Front. Ecol. Evol., 04 April 2018Sec. Interdisciplinary Climate Studies Volume 6 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00031

Wildfire containment is often very challenging for firefighters, especially large and rapidly spreading fires where the risk of firefighter entrapment high. However, conditions leading to these ‘dangerous’ are poorly understood in Mediterranean Europe. Here, we analyse reports interviews firefighters over last 40 years four regions south-eastern France investigate weather that induce fires, fast-growing conducive entrapment. We adopt a quantile regression model test effect across different...

Assessment of biodiversity in a changing world is key issue and studies on the processes factors influencing its history at relevant time scales are needed. In this study, we analysed temporal trends plant diversity using fossil pollen records from North American boreal forest-taiga biome (NABT). We selected 205 spanning last 15,500 years. Diversity was decomposed into α γ richness, β diversity, Shannon entropy indices. investigated spatial patterns by decomposing it independent turnover...

Abstract Fire resistance traits drive tree species composition in surface‐fire ecosystems, but how they covary at different scales of variation and with the environment is not well documented. We assessed covariation bark thickness (BT), height, crown base‐to‐height ratio across Alpine forests, after accounting for effects diameter competition light on individual trait variation. Traits consistently correlated individuals communities, although variance BT mainly occurred among species,...

Abstract Aim To test whether intraspecific trait responses to climate among populations across species distribution ranges can be untangled using field observations, under the rationale that, in natural forest tree populations, long‐term shapes population while recent change drives phenotypic plasticity. Location Europe. Time period 1901–2014. Taxa Silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) and sessile oak [ Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.]. Methods We estimated variation of individual height as a...

Abstract Aim Little is known about the understorey flammability of European mountain forests. The aim this study was to determine relative effects climate, vegetation structure and composition on fuel‐driven variation in fire spread intensity. Location western Alps. Methods Fire intensity were simulated under constant moisture weather conditions for a wide range fuel parameters measured litter, grass shrub layers. Simulation outputs used compare between different forest ecosystem types ( FET...

Abstract Aim Tree mortality is increasing world‐wide, leading to changes in forest composition and altering global biodiversity. Nonetheless, owing the multifaceted stochastic nature of tree mortality, large‐scale spatial patterns across species ranges their underlying drivers remain difficult understand. Our main goal was describe geographical occurrence (presence a event) intensity (amount related that Europe. We hypothesized represents background higher margin than core populations,...

Abstract Aim Potential fire intensity ( PFI ) is among the main drivers of fire–vegetation interactions, but how it varies across species ranges unknown. We test whether and crown likelihood CFL increase preferentially towards warm/dry range margins mountain trees. Location The western Alps. Methods analysed patterns environmental niches major forest tree species, using field observation data surface fuels with simulations. Empirical relationships between climate vegetation structure were...

ABSTRACT Aim To test whether adaptive and plastic trait responses to climate across species distribution ranges can be untangled using field observations, under the rationale that, in natural forest tree populations, long-term shapes local adaptation while recent change drives phenotypic plasticity. Location Europe. Time period 1901-2014. Taxa Silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) sessile oak Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). Methods We estimated variation of individual height as a function...

ABSTRACT Aim Background tree mortality is a complex demographic process that affects forest structure and long-term dynamics. We aimed to test how drought intensity interacts with interspecific intraspecific competition (or facilitation) in shaping individual patterns across species ranges. Location European latitudinal gradient (Spain Finland). Time period 1985 – 2014. Major taxa studied Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) beech Fagus sylvatica L.). Methods performed logistic regression...

Abstract Aim Tree mortality is increasing worldwide, leading to changes in forest composition and altering global biodiversity. Yet, due the multi-faceted stochastic nature of tree mortality, large-scale spatial patterns across species ranges their underlying drivers remain difficult understand. Our main goal describe geographical occurrence intensity Europe. We hypothesize that represents background higher margin than core populations, whereas could have a more even distribution according...

The 12th International Workshop on Grapevine Trunk Diseases (12th IWGTD) was held in Mikulov, Czech Republic, from 10 to 14 July, 2022. chaired by Dr Aleš Eichmeier and organized Mendel University Brno Svaz Vinařů České Republiky/Union of Winemakers the Republic. ICGTD Council meeting took place that evening welcome reception opened Rostislav Koštial (Mayor Senator viticulturist), Martin Chlad (President Republic), Svatopluk Kapounek (Vice-Rector, University, Brno).The scientific programme...