A5003057953- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Personality Traits and Psychology
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2022-2025
University of Wisconsin Health
2023
University of Missouri
1999-2022
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
2000-2002
UNSW Sydney
2002
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
2000
The University of Queensland
2000
Boston University
1999
Health Services Research & Development
1999
Harvard University
1999
In comparison with alcohol dependence (AD), relatively little is known about the causes of pathological gambling (PG). Given high rate comorbidity between PG and AD, knowledge AD may be applied to understanding those PG.Subjects were adult male twin pairs from Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Lifetime histories assessed by structured psychiatric telephone interview. The validity a continuum liability was tested determine whether subclinical PG, or problem gambling, are quantitatively qualitatively...
This paper examines genetic and environmental contributions to risk of cannabis dependence.Symptoms dependence measures social, family individual factors were assessed in a sample 6265 young adult male female Australian twins born 1964-1971.Symptoms common: 11.0% (15.1% men 7.8% women) reported two or more symptoms dependence. Correlates included educational attainment, exposure parental conflict, sexual abuse, major depression, social anxiety childhood conduct disorder. However, even after...
Many individuals with a history of pathological gambling (PG) also have engaging in antisocial behaviors, and this has often been interpreted as result the former causing latter. In sample 7,869 men 4,497 twin pairs from Vietnam Era Twin Registry, authors examined (a) association between PG personality disorder (ASPD), (b) extent to which might be differentially associated childhood conduct (CD) adult behavior (AAB), (c) contribution genetic environmental factors ASPD, CD, AAB. was...
High neuroticism, low agreeableness, and conscientiousness are consistent correlates of drug use, though such patterns may be due to common familial influences rather than effects personality per se. The present study aimed explore associations Big Five traits with various forms use independent confounding by leveraging differences within twin pairs identify potentially causal (i.e., within-pair) on use.
There is consistent evidence from twin and adoption studies implicating genetic factors in the etiology of alcoholism, yet few have examined role influences on individual symptoms alcoholism. In a previous study 113 male twins, Johnson et al. (1996a) identified 7 alcoholism that were more “genetic” 14 “environmental” (that is, non‐genetic) their by examining symptom concordances among monozygotic dizygotic pairs. The present represents an attempt to replicate results this extend them...
Abstract Background and Aims Previous studies have demonstrated associations between substance use reduced educational attainment; however, many were unable to account for potential confounding factors like genetics the rearing environment. In few that controlled these factors, substances assessed limited alcohol, cannabis, tobacco. To address limitations, we examined relationship adolescent of seven kinds substances, number additional used, high school noncompletion within a large sample...
Gambling disorder is associated with suicidal behaviors, but it not clear whether the association due to common etiologic factors or gambling being causally related suicidality. This question was examined from epidemiologic, longitudinal, and discordant twin study perspectives. The results suggested that causes of disordered differed for ideation, plan, attempt, men women. thoughts non-causally explained by genetic influences among women (but men). Conversely, there evidence consistent a...
Geographic differences in rates of alcohol use disorder suggest that environmental factors and gene-environment interactions are likely to play an important role its genesis. We aimed examine whether living a community with more outlets would facilitate the expression genetic propensity develop problems.Cross-sectional twin/sibling study.United States.The participants were 18-26-year-old twin, full- half-sibling pairs from Wave III National Longitudinal Study Adolescent Adult...
Abstract Background: There is mixed evidence about the relations of current versus past cancer with severe COVID-19 outcomes and how they vary by patient characteristics. Methods: Electronic health record data 104,590 adult hospitalized patients were obtained from 21 United States systems February 2020 through September 2021. In-hospital mortality ICU admission predicted diagnoses. Moderation characteristics, vaccination status, type, year pandemic was examined. Results: 6.8% had (n = 7,141)...
Abstract Binge drinking is a relatively common pattern of alcohol use among youth with normative frequency trajectories peaking in emerging and early adulthood. Frequent binge critical risk factor for not only the development disorders (AUDs) but also increased odds alcohol-related injury death, thus constitutes significant public health concern. Changes across are strongly associated changes impulsive personality traits (IPTs) which have been hypothesized as intermediate phenotypes genetic...
Background. We examined the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and interviewees' recollections of pathogenic parenting, testing for possible retrospective biases in those who have experienced CSA. Methods. Information about CSA, parental divorce rejection, overprotection perceived autonomy (as assessed through a shortened version Parental Bonding Instrument) was obtained telephone interviews with 3626 Australian twins had also returned self-report questionnaires several years...
Objective: The role of simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use in the experience blackouts among college students is unclear. To clarify discrepancies, current study evaluated whether association between SAM user status was moderated by high-intensity drinking (HID). Participants Methods: College (N = 1,224; 63.7% female) reported on their past year experiences blackout, use, HID (i.e., at least twice binge threshold). Results: users had more than non-SAM users, but this effect only...
To identify drug use typologies based on substances used and persistence of over two time points, a genetically informed design to explore twin concordance genetic influence the compare patterns declined/discontinued ("desistant") persistent correlates.Latent class analysis was applied data from cross-sectional self-report survey current past use. Use characteristics, disorder, psychiatric problems were compared across classes.Computer-assisted telephone interview in respondents' homes.A...
Marriage and parenthood are associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), although they confounded such that many studies struggle to identify their unique and/or causal effects. The present study utilized a genetically informed discordant twin design strengthens the putative role of marital parental status in presentation AUD symptoms by using each individual's cotwin as own control while simultaneously modeling both predictors among men women. Participants were 980 complete same-sex pairs...
Abstract Identifying patients at risk for readmission after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection could facilitate care planning and prevention. This retrospective cohort study of 60‐day included 105 543 COVID‐19 21 US healthcare systems who were discharged alive between February 2020 November 2021. Generalized linear mixed regression analyses tested predictors severity. The all‐cause rate was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10%–21%), with 22% CI 18%–26%)...
Previous research has demonstrated phenotypical associations between disordered gambling (DG) and Big 5 personality traits, a twin study suggested that shared genetic influences accounted for substantial portion of this relation. The present examined DG polygenic scores (PSs) traits to measure the underpinnings DG.
Patterns of association with externalizing and internalizing features differ across heroin use prescription opioid misuse (POM). The present study examined whether POM display differential etiologic overlap symptoms conduct disorder (CD), adult antisocial behavior (AAB), major depressive episodes (MDEs), how aggregating into a single phenotype may bias results, explored potential sex differences. Seven thousand one hundred sixty-four individual twins from the Australian Twin Registry (ATR;...
Abstract Background Despite its introduction into the diagnostic nomenclature over four decades ago, there remain large knowledge gaps about disordered gambling. The primary aims of present study were to document long-term course, childhood precursors, and adult life outcomes associated with Methods Participants enrolled in population-representative Dunedin Study prospectively followed from birth through age 45. Disordered gambling was assessed six times 18; composite measures social class,...
Individuals with a gambling disorder are more likely to engage in suicidal behaviors, but it is not yet clear whether this due common etiologic factors or being causally related suicidality. In large national community-based twin sample, the temporal relation and underlying causes of association between suicidality were examined. majority instances co-occurring suicidality, actually preceded onset disorder. The disordered was overlapping genetic influences among women (rg = 0.42 [0.23...
Background. Drug classes are grouped based on their chemical and pharmacological properties, but prescription illicit drugs differ in other important ways. Opioid stimulant contain forms differentially associated with salient risk factors (common route of administration, legality), making them useful comparators for examining the potential differences etiological influences (mis)use drugs. Methods. 2,410 individual Australian twins (Mage=31.77 [SD=2.48]; 67% women) were interviewed about...