Background & objectives: Leishmania parasites cause various clinical symptoms in humans such as cutaneous ulcers and fatal visceral diseases. These cannot synthesize purine rings de novo must uptake purines from their hosts via salvage. Salvage is regulated by permeases the cell membrane. There are hundreds of membrane transporter proteins to receive nutrients Leishmania. Nucleoside 4 (NT4) one transporters that involved enhancing adenine major. They important new drug targets for treatment...

A novel approach is introduced to construct a fuzzy regression model when both input data and output are interval-valued numbers. Using distance on the space of numbers, least-squares method developed. Also, nonlinear programming proposed estimate crisp parameters for model. real example demonstrates feasibility efficiency method. Moreover, two goodness fit indices employed more evaluation such models.

A fuzzy interval-valued regression model, on the basis of a mathematical programming approach, is introduced for when observations response variable and independent variables are crisp. Using distance space numbers, linear-programming algorithm developed to estimate coefficients model. The applicability proposed model investigated by three real data sets soil sciences hydrology engineering. predictive ability obtained models evaluated goodness fit indices. Moreover, cross-validation employed...

The main purpose of this paper is to consider the strong law large numbers for random sets in fuzzy metric space. Since many years ago, limited theorems have been expressed and proved variables, but despite uncertainty discussions, nonfuzzy space has used. Given that variable defined on basis sets, paper, we generalize embedded theorem compact convex normed most important tool prove generalization. Also, as a result by application, use bootstrap mean.

Bridge regression is a special family of penalized regressions using penalty function <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo stretchy="false">∑</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mfenced open="|" close="|" separators="|"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mi>γ</mi> </msup> </mstyle> </math> with id="M2"> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> that for id="M3"> <mo>=</mo> and id="M4"> <mn>2</mn> , it concludes lasso ridge regression, respectively. In...

Background: This study was aimed to silencing the Nucleoside transporter 3 (NT3) permease nucleobases involved in salvage pathway of Leishmania order disrupt purine nucleotide uptake parasite and consequently, destruction parasite. Methods: Overall, 502 bp fragment NT3 gene sequence designed produce an antisense transcript upon entry vector into The construct transfected L. major promastigotes expression studied vivo vitro conditions. Results: Relative transgenic decreased tenth day....

Additional information and borrowing strength from the related sites other sources will improve estimation in small areas. Generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) have been frequently used area estimation; however, relationship between response variable some covariates may not be many cases. In such cases, using semiparametric modeling, incorporating nonlinear symmetric/asymmetric functions to predictor seems more appropriate due their flexibility. addition, spatial dependence is...

In fuzzy regression modeling, when the sample size is small, resampling methods are appropriate and useful for improving model estimation. However, in commonly used bootstrap method, standard errors of estimates also random because randomness existing samples. This paper investigates use Jackknife-after-Bootstrap (JB) modeling to address this problem produce with smaller mean prediction errors. Performance analysis carried out through some numerical illustrations interactive graphs...

The fuzzy linear regression (FLR) modeling was first proposed making use of programming and then followed by many improvements in a variety ways. In almost all approaches changing the meters, objective function, restrictions caused to improve measure efficiencies (FMEs). this paper, from totally different viewpoint, we apply shrinkage estimation strategy FMEs FLR modeling. By several illustrative examples, demonstrate superiority method. respect, show estimates dramatically compared existing methods.

Summary One of the important geometric features rock mass discontinuities is its surface roughness. The discontinuity level has different heights that differentiate each from other. In practice, it not possible to assign a roughness value these levels, so levels are similar in height; same amount assigned. analyzing problems stone mechanics related coercion, necessary choose one many have Discontinuity Roughness Simulation (DRS) random selection for certain this method, simplified by...