A5041212463- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Ethics in Business and Education
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Environmental Education and Sustainability
- Ethics in medical practice
- Free Will and Agency
- Environmental Sustainability in Business
- Religion and Society Interactions
- Legal Education and Practice Innovations
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies
- Innovations in Medical Education
- Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Communication in Education and Healthcare
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Counseling Practices and Supervision
- War, Ethics, and Justification
- Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
University of Southampton
2023-2024
University of Portsmouth
2020-2024
University of Roehampton
2024
Florida State University
2016-2021
University of Cologne
2015-2018
Conway School of Landscape Design
2017
Tilburg University
2016
Western University
2011-2014
Michigan State University
1997
Dual-process theories of moral judgment suggest that responses to dilemmas are guided by two principles: the principle deontology states morality an action depends on intrinsic nature (e.g., harming others is wrong regardless its consequences); utilitarianism implies determined consequences acceptable if it increases well-being a greater number people). Despite proposed independence inclinations reflecting these principles, previous work has relied operationalizations in which stronger one...
The principle of deontology states that the morality an action depends on its consistency with moral norms; utilitarianism implies consequences. Previous research suggests deontological judgments are shaped by affective processes, whereas utilitarian guided cognitive processes. current used process dissociation (PD) to independently assess and inclinations in women men. A meta-analytic re-analysis 40 studies 6,100 participants indicated men showed a stronger preference for over than when two...
According to the moral licensing literature, self-perceptions induce compensatory behavior: People who feel act less prosocially than those immoral. Conversely, work on identity indicates that motivate behavioral consistency: more so. In three studies, authors reconcile these propositions by demonstrating moderating role of conceptual abstraction. Study 1, participants recalled performing recent (concrete) or immoral behavior demonstrated behavior, whereas considered temporally distant...
People who are more avoidant of pathogens politically conservative, as nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds relationships between and politics based on motivations to adhere local norms, sometimes shaped by cultural evolution pathogen-neutralizing properties. second, intergroup same avoid contact outgroups, might pose...
Research on moral dilemma judgments has been fundamentally shaped by the distinction between utilitarianism and deontology. According to principle of utilitarianism, status behavioral options depends their consequences; deontology states that consistency with norms. To identify processes underlying utilitarian deontological judgments, researchers have investigated responses dilemmas pit one against other (e.g., trolley problem). However, conceptual meaning in this paradigm is ambiguous,...
How does political preference affect categorization in the domain? Eight studies demonstrate that people on both ends of spectrum—strong Republicans and strong Democrats—form simpler more clustered categories stimuli than do moderates neutrals. This pattern was obtained regardless whether were politicians (Study 1), social groups 2), or newspapers 3). Furthermore, Democrats likely to make inferences about world based their categorization. found for estimating likelihood geographical location...
Moral dilemmas entail deciding whether to cause harm maximize overall outcomes, such as killing 1 person save 5. Past work has demonstrated that people are more willing accept causing outcome-maximizing when they read in a foreign language speak rather than their native language. Presumably this effect is due inducing reduced emotional impact, increased cognitive processing, but previous cannot distinguish between these possibilities because it treats them diametric opposites. In the current...
Moral dilemmas typically entail directly causing harm (said to violate deontological ethics) maximize overall outcomes uphold utilitarian ethics). The dual process model suggests harm-rejection judgments derive from affective reactions harm, whereas harm-acceptance cognitive evaluations of outcomes. Recently, Miller, Hannikainen, and Cushman (2014) argued that primarily reflect self-focused-rather than other-focused-emotional responses, because only action aversion (self-focused the thought...
Effects of incidental emotions on moral dilemma judgments have garnered interest because they demonstrate the context-dependent nature decision-making. Six experiments (N = 727) investigated effects happiness, sadness, and anger responses in dilemmas that pit consequences a given action for greater good (i.e., utilitarianism) against consistency with norms deontology). Using CNI model decision-making, we further tested whether three kinds shape by influencing (a) sensitivity to consequences,...
Abstract The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples 30 countries ( N = 12,788) find that higher see social system as more legitimate than those lower status, but there is variation across countries. association was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although positive sometimes reduced. Although not always...
Moral dilemmas entail situations where decisions consistent with deontological principles (following moral rules) conflict utilitarian (maximizing overall outcomes). Past work employing process dissociation (PD) clarified that gender differences in utilitarianism are modest, but women substantially more than men. However, judgments confound two motivations: harm aversion and action aversion. The current presents a mega-analysis of eight studies ( N = 1,965) using PD to assess response...
Childhood unpredictability and harshness are associated with patterns of psychology behavior that enable individuals to make the most adverse environments.The current research assessed effects childhood on individual differences in sacrificial moral decision making.Six studies (N=1,503) supported hypothesis unpredictability, but not harshness, would be fewer decisions reject harm (consistent deontological ethics) maximize overall outcomes utilitarian ethics).These associations were moderated...
The current research explores the role of power in moral decision-making. Some work suggests that increases utilitarianism; other deontological judgments. Conversely, we propose can both increase and decrease utilitarian decisions by building on two recent insights psychology. First, utilize orientation scale to assess four thinking styles jointly predict dilemma decisions. Second, employ process dissociation judgments as orthogonal rather than opposite constructs. We conducted preregistered...
Abstract The CNI model of moral decision-making is a formal that quantifies (1) sensitivity to consequences, (2) norms, and (3) general preference for inaction versus action in responses dilemmas. Based on critique the model’s conceptual assumptions, properties dilemmas research using model, robustness findings obtained with against changes specifications, Baron Goodwin (2020) dismissed as valid approach study dilemma judgments. Here, we respond their critique, showing Goodwin’s dismissal...
Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals ( N = 11,200) 31 countries showed small pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure motivations) measures antigay attitudes. also that relates not only antipathy...
People often feel averse to performing harmful actions; yet, some medical professionals, such as surgeons, regularly perform and aversive actions aimed at improving patient well-being. Such parallel sacrificial dilemmas where harm saves lives, violating deontological ethics against but upholding utilitarian maximize outcomes. Therefore, we predicted that, compared other surgeons physicians invasive procedures may reject less, focus on outcomes more, or both--in part due a lower score...