A fuzzy multi-objective bi-level optimization problem is proposed to model the planning of energy storage system (ESS) in active distribution systems (ADS). The enables us take into account how optimal operation strategy ESS lower level can affect and be affected by allocation upper level. power characteristic micro-grid (MG) typical daily scenarios are established full consideration time-variable nature renewable generations (REGs) load demand while easing burden computation. To solve mixed...

The power fluctuations of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have negative impacts on the quality and stability utility grid. In this study, combinations a battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) PV curtailment are used to smooth fluctuations. A algorithm is developed limit when fluctuation exceeds capacity HESS. multi-objective optimization model established dispatch HESS power, considering losses state charge (SOC) supercapacitor. To prevent SOCs from approaching...

Nitrogen (N)-doped ZnO thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition under different N2 pressures. The optical and magnetic properties of N-doped studied with photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer. Photoluminescence studies reveal that pressure affected the defects films. Under 10 Pa pressure, N substitutes O forms NO acceptor. Zn interstitials are main compensating donors. higher pressures, not only but also N2O molecules in...

To solve the economic dispatch (ED) problem of multiple distributed generations in microgrid, this paper proposes a fully method by using exact diffusion strategy which can achieve convergence under sparse communication network. Firstly, multi-agent hierarchical control architecture for microgrid is designed. The central controller (MGCC) agent does not act as centralized but instead participates optimization between bottom layer agents. Furthermore, an model established aims at minimizing...

This paper proposes a coordinated voltage regulation method for active distribution networks (ADNs) to mitigate nodal fluctuations caused by photovoltaic (PV) power fluctuations, where three-stage optimization scheme is developed coordinate and optimize the tap position of on-load changers (OLTCs), reactive capacitor banks (CBs), soft open points (SOPs). The first stage aims schedule OLTC CBs hourly using rolling algorithm. In second stage, multi-objective model SOPs established periodically...

DC microgrids have the risk of wideband bus voltage ripples. The ripple frequency may vary with system operating conditions, increasing difficulty in suppression. To this end, an adaptive virtual admittance control strategy existing bidirectional DC/DC converter (BDC) active power filtering capability is proposed. A detection method based on windowed-interpolated discrete Fourier transform integrated, which allows working band to be automatically tuned. proposed reduces impedance BDC at...

In distributed generation, grid-connected and islanded modes are essential, but usually they have different control cores to satisfy their respective targets. Transferring between the may therefore lead prominent disturbances, if complex noticeably in structures. To introduce seamlessness, some techniques been recommended, lack unification of blocks for front dc-dc converter rear dc-ac inverter. Moreover, when connected grid, seamless do not grid current directly. Hence, its dynamics be...

The type III secretion system (T3SS) of Edwardsiella tarda is crucial for its intracellular survival and pathogenesis in fish. orf13 gene (escE) E. located 84 nucleotides (nt) upstream esrC the T3SS cluster. We found that EscE secreted translocated a T3SS-dependent manner amino acids 2 to 15 N terminus were required completely functional tarda. Deletion escE abolished translocators, as well translocation effectors, but did not influence their protein levels Complementation mutant with...

Existing methods to determine the battery bank capacity of micro-grid composed photovoltaic (PV) generation and energy storage device are classified summarised. In viewpoint peak load filling implementing continuous power supply by independent grid-connected PV device, method for optimal configuration is researched. A optimising DC micro-grids considering randomness proposed maximise local absorption renewable energy. Based on K-means algorithm, engineering selection basis in system given,...

This paper proposes a method of smoothing photovoltaic (PV) power fluctuations by using the full size converter based variable speed pumped storage unit (FSCVSPSU). The system models and control strategies FSCVSPSU are briefly discussed before analyzing its fast response characteristics. empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is used to decompose PV output quickly accurately determine real-time active compensation FSC-VSPSU. Simulation results indicate that proposed methods can...

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG), which emulates the essential behavior of conventional generator, has attracted great attention. This paper proposes to analyze harmonic resonance characteristics in VSG using state-space model. analysis is based on a full-order small-signal model that fully considers dynamic inner loops and VSG-based outer power control loop. Participation used point out contributions different states eigenvalues. Moreover, eigenvalue locus singular value...

At present, the optical fiber differential protection is widely used in high voltage power grid. However, due to limitation of technology and equipment, there are still some reasons for normal operation protection. In this paper, according actual protection, impact analysed classified after a long period test summary. This has certain guiding significance reliable stable

ATPexGen aims to establish a comprehensive database dedicated ATP-induced cell death, addressing critical gap in biomedical research. While ATP is the primary energy source for cells, its role regulating death remains underexplored. Existing databases lack systematic and detailed data required support advanced research this area. will integrate cutting-edge experimental literature, creating multi-dimensional information platform enhance understanding of ATP's mechanisms. This not only...

In this paper, we investigated the structure of SmCo films with different thickness and effects Cr buffer layer on morphology SmCo/Cu thin films. Our data revealed that magnetic properties samples were enhanced by crystallization which was promoted optimized Cu underlayers. We also found surface roughness can be decreased texture improved prolonging annealing time for thick film. Thus, concluded further varying layers.

Dry-type power transformer was used widely because of its advantages. But unplanned outage effect to construct a strong intelligent grid various stress. transformer’s fault repair time is long and impossible repair. So it very important realize state maintains dry-type through monitor diagnosis. Based on current diagnostic methods, this paper proposed using self-organizing neural network the key point temperature parameters grading evaluation then real-time analysis failure causes. Study...

In allusion to environmental pollution brought about by wastewater irrigation, EM technology was introduced study the feasibility of application in irrigation. The results show that EC, NO 3 - -N and TN value treatment shallow groundwater are all less than those WW as a whole. samples, 59.3% values alert status, when irrigation amount reaches 360mm, has caused pollution. concentration WW-3 on June 27 July 9 is more 110 mg/L. It suggests can easily penetrate into with there insurance...

The uncertain and random characteristics of wind energy make the problem turbine control interesting challenging. This work investigates an adaptive method for variable speed turbines under varying operation conditions. For fixed-speed turbines, maximum power conversion can be achieved only at a particular speed, thus is practical interest in enhancing operating efficiency over wide speeds. Based on nonlinear dynamic model turbine, algorithms are developed accommodating unknown system...

This paper proposed a fractional-order new generation of 6k±1-order repetitive control scheme (FO-NG- 6k±1 RC). FO-NG- RC is composed NG- and Farrow structure fractional delay filter based on Taylor series expansion. Since 6 k±1 RC/FO-NG occupies less digital memory space, it has better dynamic performance than CRC/FO-CRC, which more suitable for the three-phase power systems dominated by harmonics. By updating coefficients online in real time, can quickly effectively deal with frequency...