Hydrogen as carbon-free fuel is a very promising candidate for climate-neutral internal combustion engine operation. In comparison to other renewable fuels, hydrogen does obviously not produce CO2 emissions. this work, two concepts of engines (H2-ICEs) are investigated experimentally. One approach the modification state-of-the-art gasoline passenger car using direct injection. It targets gasoline-like specific power output by mixture enrichment down stoichiometric Another use heavy-duty...

Micromachined angular rate sensors are key elements in several automotive systems, thus enabling highly sophisticated applications like rollover detection and mitigation, navigation electronic stability program, other future vehicle stabilizing dynamics control systems. New systems demanding higher accuracy, better signal-to-noise ratio, robustness insensitivity against external perturbations, system availability reliability, as well easy application of the gyros. This paper is presenting...

The progression of emission legislation has intensified the efforts automotive industry to develop improved exhaust gas after-treatment systems. requirement fulfill Euro 6d-TEMP in real-world driving scenarios, already significant calibration effort for 6d and 7 standards discussion have significantly increased work load engineers requirements testing resources. Many original equipment manufacturers are implementing taskforces order not discard planned start production their products, some...

We describe a number of experiments in which the effect electrons on cavitation is studied. Electrons liquid helium become trapped bubble from almost completely excluded. By applying negative pressure to helium, we are able make these bubbles explode. have measured variation this with temperature and results very good agreement theoretical expectations. At low temperatures electron attached vortices. The circulation around leads reduction magnitude required explode bubble, been measure reduction.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H<sub>2</sub>-ICE) do not emit any fuel-borne carbon emission species. Nitrogen oxides are the remaining raw species at significant levels. However, exhaust aftertreatment system is exposed to a different matrix, including unburned hydrogen. This raises question of role hydrogen emissions for system. Extensive synthetic gas bench (SGB) test campaigns address in several...

The internal friction Q-1 and the sound velocity deltav/v of vitreous silica were measured at very low temperatures using mechanical double paddle resonators operated frequencies ranging from 0.33 to 14 kHz. Below approximately 40 mK showed an unexpected temperature frequency dependence, with absolute values clearly exceeding those predicted by standard tunneling model. Even though most plausible origin observed excess appears be mutual interaction between states, results are difficult...

Abstract The acoustic and dielectric properties of different glasses at audio frequencies temperatures below 1 K have been investigated with the vibrating reed a capacitance bridge technique. We found temperature dependence absorption vitreous silica (Suprasil W) to agree predictions tunneling model which is commonly used explain low behaviour amorphous materials. variation sound velocity constant, however, shows significant deviations from expected cannot be accounted for by simple...

Reducing air pollution caused by emissions from road traffic, especially in urban areas, is an important goal of legislators and the automotive industry. The introduction so-called “Real Driving Emission” (RDE) tests for homologation vehicles with internal combustion engines according to EU6d legislation was a fundamental milestone vehicle powertrain development. Due non-reproducible on-road emission “Portable Emission Measurement Systems” (PEMS) addition standardized on chassis...

Current developments in vehicle dynamics control systems and future advanced high performance stabilizing demand higher of the inertial signals vehicle's dynamics, especially angular rate signals: accuracy better signal to noise ratio, refresh rates, robustness insensitivity against external interference, system availability reliability, easier applicability (e.g. additional measuring axes). This paper presents a third generation sensor cluster MM3.x suitable for volume production, meeting...

An advanced micromachining process has been developed to further push the performance limits of mass-produced inertial MEMS. The main achievement new platform technology is usage two independent silicon layers instead one form, e.g., masses, springs, and free-standing electrodes. This dual layer option opens path towards 3D-like sensor topologies with improved smaller form-factors. first accelerometer generations using this are being manufactured for automotive CE applications. One key...

Further reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from road vehicles is a major task for the automotive industry. Stricter regulations regarding fleet fuel consumption require continuous development of new powertrains methods. In particular, combination hybrid on technical side focus real driving (RDE) legislative pose significant challenges to vehicle calibration process. Against this background, test methods environments are being investigated counteract high number interactions...

The combination of different propulsion and energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles is changing the focus in field powertrain calibration. Shorter time-to-market as well stricter legal requirements regarding validation Real Driving Emissions (RDE) require adaptation current procedures implementation new technologies development process. In order to achieve highest efficiencies lowest pollutant emissions at same time, layout calibration control strategies exhaust gas aftertreatment system...

This retrospective analysis investigated the effectiveness and side-effects of combined hyperthermia radiation therapy in locally recurrent breast cancer after primary modified radical mastectomy. The aim thermoradiotherapy was to reduce substantial risk symptomatic chest wall disease.Between May 1995-August 1998, 39 extensively pre-treated women with progressive locoregional tumours were treated local radiofrequency hyperthermia, given twice a week immediately before radiotherapy. Sixty-two...

The topics of climate change and pollutant emission reduction are dominating societal discussions in many areas. In automotive development, with the introduction real driving emissions (RDE) testing upcoming EU7 legislation, there endless boundary conditions potential scenarios that need to be evaluated. terms vehicle calibration, this is leading a strong focus on alternative approaches such as virtual calibration. Due flexibility test environments variety RDE scenarios, amount data...

Electrons in liquid helium become trapped bubbles from which the is excluded. By applying a negative pressure to helium, we are able make these explode. The at this occurs reasonable agreement with theoretical expectations.

Micro machined gyros are key elements in several automotive systems, thus enabling highly sophisticated applications like roll over detection and mitigation, navigation electronic stability program (ESP) other future vehicle stabilizing dynamics control systems. New systems demanding higher accuracy, better signal to noise ratio, robustness insensitivity against external perturbations, system availability reliability as well easy application of the gyro. This paper is presenting recent...

MEMS based Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are being widely used in consumer electronic devices for a large variety of applications. We provide an overview three generations IMUs developed at Bosch the past years. Significant progress design and technology has been made electronics, micromechanics, system integration. discuss some technical challenges achievements leading to improvements key parameters like package size, power consumption, performance.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) recently entered the market, and are already regarded a state-of-the-art solution for gasoline exhaust aftertreatment systems to enable EU6d-TEMP fulfilment beyond. Especially coated GPF applications, prognosis of emission conversion performance over lifetime poses an ambitious challenge, which significantly influences future catalyst diagnosis calibrations. The paper presents...

MEMS acceleration sensors have been systematically analyzed across a wide temperature range between -40°C and +85°C. Failure mechanisms such as offset drift induced by thermal mismatch of different materials are well understood. However, in densely packed electronic devices (e. g., smartphones) distances neighboring components very small. Thus, power intensive like microprocessors can heat up create gradients their vicinity. In this paper we introduce measurement system to investigate the...

The systematic analysis of measurement data allows a large amount information to be obtained from existing measurements in short period time. Especially vehicle development, many are performed, and amounts collected the process emission calibration. With introduction Real Driving Emissions Tests, need for targeted efficient robust calibration has further increased. countless possible test scenarios, test-by-test is no longer with current state-of-the-art calibration, as it takes too much...