Debate continues as to the automaticity of amygdala's response threat. Accounts taking a strong line suggest that threat is both involuntary and independent attentional resources. Building on these accounts, prominent models have suggested anxiety modulates output an amygdala-based preattentive evaluation system. Here, we argue for modification models. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected while volunteers performed letter search task high or low perceptual load...

Photo-ID is widely used in security settings, despite research showing that viewers find it very difficult to match unfamiliar faces. Here we test participants with specialist experience and training the task: passport-issuing officers. First, ask officers compare photos live ID-card bearers, observe high error rates, including 14% false acceptance of 'fraudulent' photos. Second, passport a set student participants, equally poor levels accuracy both groups. Finally, show no performance...

Abstract Research in face recognition has tended to focus on discriminating between individuals, or “telling people apart.” It recently become clear that it is also necessary understand how images of the same person can vary, together.” Learning a new face, and tracking its representation as changes from unfamiliar familiar, involves an abstraction variability different person's face. Here, we present application principal components analysis computed across photos person. We demonstrate...

Face recognition is used to prove identity across a wide variety of settings. Despite this, research consistently shows that people are typically rather poor at matching faces photos. Some professional groups, such as police and passport officers, have been shown perform just poorly the general public on standard tests face recognition. However, skills subject individual variation, with some showing exceptional ability-a group has come be known 'super-recognisers'. The Metropolitan Police...

Electrophysiological recording in the anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) of monkeys has demonstrated separate cell populations responsive to direct and averted gaze [1Perrett D.I. Smith P.A.J. Potter D.D. Mistlin A.J. Head A.S. Milner A.D. Jeeves M.A. Visual cells cortex sensitive face view direction.Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 1985; B223: 293-317Crossref Scopus (729) Google Scholar, 2Perrett Hietanen J.K. Oram M.W. Benson P.J. Organization functions faces cortex.Philos. Trans. B...

Gaze direction is an important social signal in humans and other primates. In this study, we used adaptation paradigm to investigate the functional organization of gaze perception humans. Adaptation consistent leftward or rightward produced a powerful illusion that virtually eliminated observers' adapted direction; side was seen as pointing straight ahead, though opposite unimpaired. This striking dissociation held even when retinotopic mapping between test stimuli disrupted by changes size...

Accurate face recognition is critical for many security applications. Current automatic face-recognition systems are defeated by natural changes in lighting and pose, which often affect images more profoundly than identity. The only system that can reliably cope with such variability a human observer who familiar the faces concerned. We modeled familiarity using image averaging to derive stable representations from naturally varying photographs. This simple procedure increased accuracy of an...

We are usually able to recognize novel instances of familiar faces with little difficulty, yet recognition unfamiliar can be dramatically impaired by natural within-person variability in appearance. In a card-sorting task for facial identity, different photos the same face often seen as people. Here we report two experiments which manipulate whether participants know number identities present. Without constraints, sort into many identities. However, when told present, they highly accurate....

Over our species history, humans have typically lived in small groups of under a hundred individuals. However, face recognition abilities appear to equip us recognize very many individuals, perhaps thousands. Modern society provides access huge numbers faces, but no one has established how faces people actually know. Here, we describe method for estimating this number. By combining separate measures recall and recognition, show that know about 5000 on average individual differences are...

To date, there is no functional account of the visual perception gaze in humans. Previous work has demonstrated that left and right are represented by separate mechanisms. However, these data consistent with either a multichannel system comprising channels for distinct directions (e.g., left, direct, right) or an opponent-coding which all coded just 2 pools cells, one coding other right, direct as neutral point reflecting equal activation both pools. In experiments, authors used adaptation...

The financial cost of missed appointments is so great that even a small percentage reduction in Did Not Attend (DNA) rate could save significant sums money. Previous studies have identified many factors predict DNA rate, including patient age, gender, and transport options. However, it not obvious how healthcare providers can use this information to improve attendance, as such are under their control. One factor administrative control appointment scheduling. Here we asked whether be reduced...

Viewers find it difficult to match photos of unfamiliar faces for identity. Despite this, the use photographic ID is widespread. In this study we ask whether possible improve face matching performance by replacing single photographs on documents with multiple or an average image bearer. 3 experiments compare photo-to-photo photo-to-average (where formed from same person) and photo-to-array array comprises separate person). We consistently accuracy advantage images photo arrays over photos,...

Eye gaze is an important social signal, and humans can accurately determine direction in others. Recently, dramatic adaptation effects on perception were shown, which the of small deviations to adapted diminished. We compared participants' perceptions before after left or right gaze, examined event-related potential correlates this adaptation. found a striking impairment perceiving side. Event-related potentials revealed no direction-specific N170, although seen later, approximately 250-350...

We describe InterFace, a software package for research in face recognition. The supports image warping, reshaping, averaging of multiple images, and morphing between faces. It also principal components analysis (PCA) along with tools exploring the "face space" produced by PCA. uses simple graphical user interface, allowing users to perform these sophisticated manipulations without any need programming knowledge. program is available download form an app, which requires that have access...