A5077941589- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Gut microbiota and health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Abdominal Surgery and Complications
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
- Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Rabies epidemiology and control
Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU
2016-2025
Virginia Commonwealth University
2016-2025
University of Virginia
2017-2025
University Health System
2025
Office of Infectious Diseases
2021
Immune dysregulation is characteristic of the more severe stages SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding mechanisms by which immune system contributes to COVID-19 severity may open new avenues treatment. Here, we report that elevated IL-13 was associated with need for mechanical ventilation in 2 independent patient cohorts. In addition, patients who acquired while prescribed Dupilumab, a mAb blocks and IL-4 signaling, had less disease. SARS-CoV-2–infected mice, neutralization reduced death...
Background. Growth stunting in children under 2 years of age low-income countries is common. Giardia a ubiquitous pathogen this group but studies investigating Giardia's effect on both growth and diarrhea have produced conflicting results. Methods. We conducted prospective longitudinal birth cohort study Dhaka, Bangladesh, with monthly continuous diarrheal surveillance. Results. 629 were enrolled within the first 72 hours life, 445 completed study. 12% stunted at 57% by years. 7% had...
The disease severity of Entamoeba histolytica infection ranges from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Recent human and animal data implicate the gut microbiome as a modifier E. virulence. Here we have explored association with susceptibility amebiasis in infants mouse model amebic colitis. Dysbiosis occurred symptomatic children, evidenced by lower Shannon diversity index microbiota. To test if dysbiosis was cause susceptibility, wild type C57BL/6 mice (which are innately resistant...
Recent studies suggest small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is common among developing world children. SIBO's pathogenesis and effect in the are unclear. Our objective was to determine prevalence of SIBO Bangladeshi children its association with malnutrition. Secondary objectives included determination sanitation, diarrheal disease, environmental enteropathy. We performed a cross-sectional analysis 90 2-year-olds monitored since birth from an impoverished neighborhood. diagnosed via...
Abstract Immune dysregulation is characteristic of the more severe stages SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding mechanisms by which immune system contributes to COVID-19 severity may open new avenues treatment. Here we report that elevated interleukin-13 (IL-13) was associated with need for mechanical ventilation in two independent patient cohorts. In addition, patients who acquired while prescribed Dupilumab had less disease. infected mice, IL-13 neutralization reduced death and disease...
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a hyperinflammatory state that occurs after severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We present cases of MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; 1 patient had evidence recent Our findings suggest vaccination modulates the pathogenesis MIS-C.
Background Previous studies have shown maternal, inflammatory, and socioeconomic variables to be associated with growth neurodevelopment in children from low-income countries. However, these outcomes are multifactorial work describing which predictors most strongly influence them is lacking. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a longitudinal study of Bangladeshi birth two years assess oral vaccine efficacy. Variables pertaining maternal perinatal health, status, early childhood...
Diarrheal pathogens have been associated with linear growth deficits. The effect of diarrheal on is likely due to inflammation, which also adversely affects neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that diarrheagenic would be negatively both and neurodevelopment.We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study 250 children surveillance measured pathogen burden in samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pathogen attributable fraction estimates diarrhea over the first 2 years life,...
Introduction: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical condition caused by fecal-oral contamination leading to inflammation and dysbiosis. This study investigates bile acid metabolism in Bangladeshi children with EED its association growth impairment. Methods: We conducted cross sectional of 100 infants (aged 6-9 months) quantified serum fecal acids using LC-MS/MS. compared profiles control group 6 American (6-12 80 older 2 years). Results: had higher levels plasma...
We present the case of a fully vaccinated 39-year-old male with no pertinent past medical history who initially presented De Quervain's tenosynovitis which was successfully treated corticosteroid injection. His symptoms recurred during COVID-19 infection, repeat Symptoms an influenza infection and were subsequently first dorsal compartment release. The etiology remains unclear. It has classically been categorized as noninflammatory degenerative process, but recent evidence suggests possible...
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subacute syndrome characterized by increased intestinal inflammation and permeability that affects children in low-income countries. It associated with growth neurodevelopmental deficits, there currently no known treatment for EED. VS001 (AmiLyfe Bioscience, LLC, Norwood, MA) medical food (beverage) containing free amino acids has been shown to decrease improve gut murine models. We conducted double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study assess the...
Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is common in children from low-income countries and has been cross-sectionally associated with growth stunting. We sought to determine whether SIBO was poor neurodevelopmental a longitudinal analysis.We measured by glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) at 18, 52, 78, 104 weeks of life prospective birth cohort Bangladeshi children. Sociodemographic information measures enteric inflammation were analyzed as covariates. Diarrheal samples tested for...
Early childhood is a critical stage of physical and cognitive growth that forms the foundation future wellbeing. Stunted presented in one every 4 children worldwide contributes to developmental impairment under-five mortality. Better understanding early patterns should allow for detection intervention malnutrition. We aimed characterize child quantify change curves from World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards. In cohort 626 Bangladesh children, longitudinal height-for-age...
Introduction In many developing areas in the world, a high burden of enteric pathogens early childhood are associated with growth deficits. The tryptophan-kynurenine-niacin pathway has been linked to inflammatory responses intestinal infections. However, it is not known these settings whether scheduled antimicrobial intervention reduce subclinical pathogen carriage or repletion improves linear and development. Methods analysis We conducting randomised, placebo-controlled, factorial trial...
Background Stunting among children in low-resource settings is associated with enteric pathogen carriage and micronutrient deficiencies. Our goal was to test whether administration of scheduled antimicrobials daily nicotinamide improved linear growth a region high prevalence stunting carriage. Methods findings We performed randomized, 2 × factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial the area around Haydom, Tanzania. Mother–child dyads were enrolled by age 14 days followed monthly home...
BackgroundEnvironmental factors that influence wheezing in early childhood the developing world are not well understood and may be useful predicting respiratory outcomes. Therefore, our objective was to determine can predict wheezing.MethodsChildren from Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited at birth episodes of measured alongside nutritional, immunological socioeconomic over a one-year period. Poisson Regression with variable selection utilized what associated wheezing.ResultsElevated serum...
Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been associated with enteric inflammation, linear growth stunting, and neurodevelopmental delays in children from low-income countries. Little is known about the histologic changes or epithelial adherent microbiota SIBO. We sought to describe these relationships a cohort of impoverished Bangladeshi children. Undernourished 12-18-month-old underwent both glucose hydrogen breath testing for SIBO duodenoscopy biopsy. Biopsy samples were subject...
Recurrent enteric infections and micronutrient deficiencies, including deficiencies in the tryptophan-kynurenine-niacin pathway, have been associated with environmental dysfunction, potentially contributing to poor child growth development. We are conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × factorial interventional trial rural population Haydom, Tanzania, determine effect of 1) antimicrobials (azithromycin nitazoxanide) and/or 2) nicotinamide, niacin vitamer, on attained length at 18...
Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is prevalent among children living in low-income settings, leading to impaired growth and development. The aim of this study was assess linear ponderal parameters between malnourished SIBO-positive SIBO-negative aged 12–18 months who prospectively underwent a nutritional intervention. A glucose hydrogen breath test detect SIBO performed 194 stunted (length-for-age Z score [LAZ] < −2 standard deviations) or at-risk stunting (LAZ −1 children....
Abstract Recent work has shown that the vaginal microbiome exerts a strong impact on women’s gynecological health. However, collection of specimens is invasive and requires previous clinical training or involvement trained clinician. In contrast, urine sample routine, non-invasive does not require We sought to compare urogenital microbiomes assess utility voided samples as proxy for microbiome. Paired were collected from pregnant women characterized by 16S rRNA taxonomic profiling. examined...
Convalescent COVID-19 plasma (CCP) was developed and used worldwide as a treatment option by supplying passive immunity. Adult studies suggest administering high-titer CCP early in the disease course of patients who are expected to be antibody-negative; however, pediatric experience is limited. We created multi-institutional registry characterize (<18 years) received assess safety this intervention.