Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is strongly linked to obesity and an adipose tissue unresponsive insulin. The insulin resistance due defective signaling, but details remain largely unknown. We examined signaling in adipocytes from T2D patients, contrary findings animal studies, we observed attenuation of activation mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) complex with raptor (mTORC1). As a consequence, mTORC1 downstream effects were also affected T2D: feedback by signal-mediator receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)...

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease that profoundly affects energy homeostasis. The involves failure at several levels and subsystems characterized by insulin resistance in target cells tissues (i.e. impaired intracellular signaling). We have previously used an iterative experimental-theoretical approach to unravel the early signaling events primary human adipocytes. That study, like most studies, based on vitro experimental examination of cells, vivo relevance such studies for beings has...

Inflammation contributes both to the pathogenesis of stroke and response brain injury. We aimed identify proteins reflecting acute-phase more likely reflect proinflammatory processes present before by broadly profiling inflammation-related plasma in a longitudinal ischemic study.Participants were from Swedish cohort (SAHLSIS [Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke], n=600 cases controls). Plasma levels 65 including chemokines, interleukins, surface molecules, immune receptors measured...

The inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia is complex; however, most clinical studies of stroke outcome focus on a few selected proteins. We, therefore, aimed profile broad range inflammation-related proteins to: identify associated with ischemic that are independent established predictors; subsets for prediction; and perform sex etiological subtype stratified analyses.Acute-phase plasma levels 65 were measured in 534 cases. Logistic regression was used estimate associations unfavorable...

The tip of a borosilicate glass capillary with functionalized hexagonal ZnO nanorods was used to make sensitive electrochemical intracellular Ca2+ sensor. To adjust the sensor for measurements sufficient selectivity and stability, polyvinylchloride membrane containing ionophores were coated on surface. covered exhibited Ca2+-dependent potential difference versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. linear over large concentration range (100 nM–10 mM). concentrations using our in human fat cells...

Key points The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in short‐term regulation of white adipocyte adipokine release remain elusive. Here we have examined effects intracellular cAMP, Ca 2+ ATP on exocytosis secretion by a combination membrane capacitance patch‐clamp recordings biochemical measurements secreted adipokines. Our findings show that is stimulated cAMP/Epac (exchange proteins activated cAMP)‐dependent but ‐ PKA‐independent can largely be correlated to adiponectin vesicles...

To investigate whether circulating acute-phase brain-derived tau (BD-tau) is associated with functional outcome after ischemic stroke.

With accelerating rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes world-wide, interest in studying the adipocyte adipose tissue is increasing. Human derived stem cells - differentiated to adipocytes vitro are frequently used as a model system for white adipocytes, most their pathways functions resemble mature vivo. However, these not completely like vivo adipocytes. Hosting more physiologically relevant environment compared conventional two-dimensional cell culturing on plastic surfaces, can produce...

The fabrication and application of an intracellular K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -selective microelectrode is demonstrated. ZnO nanowires with a diameter 100-180 nm length approximately 1.5 μm are grown on borosilicate glass microcapillary. were coated by -ionophore-containing membrane. exhibited -dependent potentiometric response versus Ag/AgCl reference that was linear over large concentration range (25 μM-125 mM)...

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance in the expanding adipose tissue of obesity. The manifests human adipocytes as system-wide impairment signalling. An exception regulation transcription factor FOXO1 (forkhead box protein O1), which phosphorylated downstream mTORC2 (mammalian/mechanistic target rapamycin complex with raptor) and therefore not exhibiting impaired response to insulin. However, abundance, activity, reduced half from patients diabetes. To elucidate effect we...

This paper presents the growth and structure of ZnO nanorods on a sub-micrometer glass pipette their application as an intracellular selective ion sensor. Highly oriented, vertical aligned were grown tip borosilicate capillary (0.7 µm in diameter) by low temperature aqueous chemical (ACG) technique. The relatively large surface-to-volume ratio makes them attractive for electrochemical sensing. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that are single crystals grow along crystal's c-axis....

In the present study, we have applied ratiometric measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) to show that extracellularly ATP (adenosine triphosphate) (100 µM) stimulates store-operated entry (SOCE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. produced a rapid increase [Ca2+]i consisting an initial transient elevation followed by sustained elevated phase could be observed only presence extracellular Gene expression data and recordings with uridine-5'-triphosphate or phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor...

Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and takes part in the regulation of several metabolic processes. Although pathophysiological importance adiponectin has been thoroughly investigated, mechanisms controlling its release are only partly understood. We have recently shown that via regulated exocytosis adiponectin-containing vesicles, stimulated by cAMP-dependent mechanisms, Ca²⁺ ATP augment cAMP-triggered secretion. However, much remains to be discovered...

Here we have investigated the role of protein caveolin 1 (Cav1) and caveolae in secretion white adipocyte hormone adiponectin. Using mouse primary subcutaneous adipocytes genetically depleted Cav1, show that adiponectin secretion, stimulated either adrenergically or by insulin, is abrogated while basal (unstimulated) release elevated. Adiponectin similarly affected wildtype human where structure was chemically disrupted. The altered ex vivo isolated from Cav1 null mice accompanied lowered...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) consists of highly metabolically active adipocytes that catabolize nutrients to produce heat. Playing an role in triacylglycerol (TAG) clearance, research has shown dietary fatty acids can modulate the TAG chemistry deposition BAT after weeks-long intervention, similar what been white (WAT). Our objective was compare influence sustained, nonchronic intervention (a 1-week interval) on WAT and interscapular lipid metabolism situ. We use quantitative, label-free...

Introduction Comprehensive studies mapping domain-specific trajectories of recovery after stroke and biomarkers reflecting these processes are scarce. We, therefore, initiated an exploratory prospective observational study cases with repeated evaluation, the FIND Stroke Recovery Study . We aim to capture from different impairments, including cognition, in combination broad profiling blood imaging recovery. Methods analysis recruit individuals first-ever at unit Sahlgrenska University...

Abstract Background A blood‐based biomarker that accurately reflects neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke could be an easily accessible and cost‐effective complement to clinical radiological evaluation. Here, we investigate whether plasma levels of the novel brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau) reflect cerebral infarct volumes BD‐tau can improve outcome prediction. Methods The present study included 713 consecutive cases from two different hospital‐based cohorts, Sahlgrenska Academy Study on...