Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) have significantly increased over the past century and are expected to continue rising in future. While elevated levels CO2 will likely result higher crop yields, weed growth is also highly increase, which could increase incidence herbicide resistant biotypes. An experiment was conducted 2012 determine effects an environment on glyphosate halosulfuron efficacy for postemergence control purple yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L. C....

In this rapidly urbanizing world, landscape plants serve as a convenient pathway for individuals to engage with nature. Due Florida's subtropical climate, vast array of diverse plant species is commonly used in home landscapes. However, it important note that many can be toxic if consumed, posing risks small children, pets, and even livestock such cattle, horses, or sheep. These still utilized the landscape, but understand which are prevent accidental exposure, particularly environments...

Over the past three decades, one issue that has received significant attention from scientific community is climate change and possible impacts on global environment. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration along with other trace gases [i.e., methane (CH 4 nitrous oxide (N O)] are widely believed to be driving factors behind warming. Much of work reducing greenhouse gas emissions (C) sequestration been conducted in row crop forest systems; however, virtually no focused...

Abstract A series of four propagation studies were implemented to better understand the seed biology wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara L. Sarg. [Rutaceae]) and its adventitious rooting response auxin treatments. Plant origin (north central vs south Florida ecotypes) did not affect initial viability but significantly influenced germination seasonal temperatures. Fifty-five days after sowing north seeds, was similar among spring, summer fall treatments (28.9 41.1%), reduced by winter temperature...

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), a twining vine native to Southeast Asia, produces deep blue purple flowers that bloom nearly year-round in ideal conditions. When extracted liquid, the addition of mild acid such as lemon or lime juice turns naturally color into much lighter pink color, giving extract its color-changing ability. This new 5-page publication UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department outlines use butterfly flower (BPFE) pH-dependent natural colorant, including an...

Increased trace gas emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 and nitrous oxide (N O) are widely believed to be a primary cause global warming. Agriculture is large contributor these emissions; however, its role in climate change unique that it can act as source or major sink. Furthermore, agriculture significantly reduce through changes production management practices. Much the research on agriculture’s mitigation greenhouse (GHG) has been conducted row crops pastures well forestry...

Weed management in container plant production is a serious problem and remains one of the most expensive time-consuming aspects industry. Weeds cause severe reductions crop growth due to limited growing environment characteristic production. The nursery industry relies heavily on number preemergence herbicide options. use herbicides as primary means manage weeds has resulted some negative consequences such high chemical costs, leaching, runoff, concerns with recycling irrigation water....

Due to the lack of postemergence herbicide options, heavy reliance on hand weeding, and high crop species diversity, weed control continues be one most challenging elements producing ornamental plants in container culture.In contrast other production systems, container-grown ornamentals are produced almost entirely organic substrates (pine bark, peat, etc.), overhead irrigated or multiple times per day, fertilized exclusively with use controlled-release fertilizers (CRF).Multiple aspects...

Abstract Weed management in container crops is primarily accomplished through frequent PRE herbicide applications and supplemental hand weeding. However, many ornamental species are sensitive to herbicides, a significant number of tropical plants, grasses, foliage have not been screened for tolerance. As nursery produced inert substrates that largely composed bark or peat, strategic fertilizer placement has the potential significantly reduce weed growth container-grown ornamentals. Growth...

Substrate stratification is a new research area in which multiple substrates, or the same substrate with differing physical properties, are layered within container to accomplish production goal, such as decreasing water use, nutrient leaching, potentially reducing weed growth. Previous using pine ( Pinus sp.) bark screened ≤1/2 3/4 inch reduced growth of bittercress Cardamine flexuosa ) by 80% 97%, whereas liverwort Marchantia polymorpha coverage was 95% 99%. The objective this study...

Agriculture is a large contributor of trace gas emissions and much the work on reducing greenhouse (GHG) has focused row crops pastures, as well forestry animal production systems; however, little emphasis been placed specialty crop industries such horticulture. Our objective was to determine efflux patterns CO2, CH4, N2O associated with four different nursery container sizes [3.0 liter (trade gal; TG), 3.8 (#1; 1 gal), 7.6 (#2; 2 11.4 (#3; 3 gal) using dwarf yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria...

Mulches have been evaluated extensively as a weed management tool in container plant production, but most research has focused on loose-fill wood-derived mulch materials, such pine bark or wood chips. In this experiment, (mixed Pinus sp.) (PB), shredded hardwood (HW), and sawdust were for control crop response both alone combination with guar gum tackifier alongside plastic film mulch, paper slurry the + PB compared nonmulched, nontreated single application of preemergence herbicide...

The objective of this study was to assess the growth two woody ornamental plants when subjected different levels weed competition in four container sizes, representing stages production. Ligustrum (Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton) and Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb.) liners were potted individually into 3.8 L, 11.4 24.7 56.8 L containers, respectively. Weed coverage 0%, 50%, 100% each size maintained by surface sowing seeds six common nursery species volume, based on media area pot. Results...

Abstract Greenhouse and outdoor container experiments were conducted to determine garden spurge large crabgrass emergence when seeds placed either on top of or below three different mulch materials [pine bark (PB), hardwood (HW), pine straw (PS)] applied at five depths (0, 1.3, 2.5, 5.1, 10.2 cm). To elucidate characteristics that contributed weed control, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was recorded underneath each layer, moisture retention monitored for 24 h following irrigation,...

Glyphosate plus flumioxazin tank mixtures have become popular in the nursery production and landscape maintenance industries southeastern United States. Research was conducted to compare efficacy of such a mixture relative components applied alone. Glyphosate, flumioxazin, glyphosate (2 : 1, w/w) were POST container trials four weed species at series rates that ranged from no effect death. Regression analyses revealed control data all three treatment could be described by four-parameter,...

Abstract WholeTree (WT) and clean chip residual (CCR) are potential new nursery substrates that by-products of the forestry industry containing high wood content. Initial immobilization nitrogen is one concern when using these substrates; however addition composted poultry litter (CPL) to content could balance initial provide an inexpensive fertilizer source for growers. This study evaluated five woody species being grown in WT, CCR, pinebark (PB) with CPL or peat as a substrate amendment....

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate early POST control of yellow woodsorrel using PRE-applied herbicides. In experiment 1, was seeded at two dates in a commercial pine-bark substrate and grown until reaching either the cotyledon–one-leaf (C-1L) or two- four-leaf (2-4L) growth stage. The herbicides isoxaben, indaziflam, dimethenamid-p applied these stages. Two rates isoxaben indaziflam provided (≥ 80% reduction fresh weight [FW]) when C-1L stage; however, once reached 2-4L stage,...

Substrate stratification is a method of filling nursery containers with “layers” different substrates, or textures the same substrate. Recently, it has been proposed as means to improve drainage, substrate moisture dynamics, and optimize nutrient use efficiency. Substrates layered larger particle bark top portion smaller bottom container profile would theoretically result in that dries quickly on surface, thereby reducing weed germination, but also retain adequate for crop growth. The...