Abstract We present an automatic classification method of the three near‐Earth regions, magnetosphere, magnetosheath and solar wind from their in situ data measurement by multiple spacecraft. Based on gradient boosting classifier, this very simple fast outperforms detection routines based manually set thresholds. The is used to identify 15,062 magnetopause crossings 17,227 bow shock 11 different spacecraft THEMIS, ARTEMIS, Cluster, MMS, Double Star missions for a total 83 cumulated years....

Abstract Magnetic field draping occurs when the magnetic lines frozen in a plasma flow wrap around body or environment. The of interplanetary (IMF) Earth’s magnetosphere has been confirmed early days space exploration. However, its global and three‐dimensional structure is known from modeling only, mostly numerical. Here, this dayside magnetosheath determined as function upstream IMF orientation purely in‐situ spacecraft observations. We show can be organized three regimes depending on how...

Space weather event catalogs are essential tools for characterizing the near-Earth space environment. From a scientific standpoint, these provide extensive statistical insights into physical properties of such events. Operationally, they support forecasting scenarios by offering basis to assess diverse impacts events may have on environment.Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) and Stream Interaction Regions (SIRs) two most significant drivers disturbances. Traditional large-scale...

As part of the Horizon Europe FARBES (Forecast Actionable Radiation Belt Scenarios) project, we have developed a method to automatically identify past radiation belt electron enhancement events using ground-based geomagnetic index [Bernoux et al., 2025, accepted for publication in AGU ESS]. This has enabled production and list over 150 years events. By cross-referencing with catalogues interplanetary (SIRs, ICMEs), been able assign possible cause each post-1995 event. In this presentation,...

Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) are the primary drivers of space weather disturbances, necessitating accurate and timely detection to mitigate their impact. However, traditional identification methods often rely on post-event analysis, which limits application in real-time forecasting scenarios.   We introduce ARCANE, an operational, modular framework for automatic, ICMEs solar wind situ data. ARCANE combines machine learning models with physics-based approaches,...

Abstract We propose a new method for automatically identifying radiation belt electron enhancement events using Ca , ground‐based 1D surrogate index the global dynamics of belts. Our improves event identification by accurately determining start and end dates, considering intensification return‐to‐equilibrium phases, resolving ambiguity between single, longer‐lasting multiple, successive events. The detected after 1995, are associated with possible physical driving causes, such as...

Referencing past space weather events such as Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) or Stream Interaction Regions (SIRs) in catalogs is a key asset for scientific and operational purposes. At first, they allow the exhibition of their intrinsic physical climatological properties from massive statistical point view. This then allows to better understand impact on near-Earth environment, including human activities thus, enables definition event-driven scenarii. Such studies directly...

ABSTRACT With the flourishing number of small body missions that involve surface interactions, understanding mechanics spacecraft – interactions is crucial for improving our knowledge about landing phases space missions, preparing operations, and interpreting results measurements made during interactions. Given their regolith-covered surfaces, process on a can be considered as an impact at low-velocity to granular material in reduced-gravity. In order study influence material, projectile...

Abstract The Earth magnetopause is the boundary between magnetosphere and shocked solar wind. Its location shape are primarily determined by properties of wind interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) but nature control parameters to what extent they impact stand‐off distance, flaring, symmetries, on dayside night side, still not well known. We present a large statistical study based an extensive multi‐mission database, cumulating 17,230 crossings 17 different spacecraft, from lunar nightside...

Abstract Decades of studies have suggested several criteria to detect interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) in time series from situ spacecraft measurements. Among them, the most common are an enhanced and smoothly rotating magnetic field, a low proton temperature, plasma beta. However, these features not all observed for each ICME due their strong variability. Visual detection is time-consuming biased by observer interpretation, leading non-exhaustive, subjective, thus hardly...

Abstract Progress in locating the X‐line on magnetopause beyond atypical due south interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) condition is hampered by fact that global plasma and spatial distributions constraining where reconnection could develop are poorly known. This work presents maps of shear, current density rate, dayside magnetopause, reconstructed from two decades measurements Cluster, Double Star, THEMIS MMS missions. These maps, generated for various IMF dipole tilt angles, offer a unique...

Abstract. We provide an automatic classification method of the three near-Earth regions, magnetosphere, magnetosheath and solar wind in streaming in-situ data measurement that outperforms previous methods region classification. The was used to identify 14186 magnetopause crossings 16192 bow shock 10 different spacecrafts THEMIS, ARTEMIS, Cluster Double Star missions for a total 79 cumulated years. These multi-missions catalogs are non ambiguous can be automatically enlarged with increasing...

Abstract In a companion statistical study, we showed that the expression of magnetopause surface as power law an elliptic function zenith angle θ holds at lunar distances, flaring is influenced by Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) B y component and IMF x had no influence on stand‐off distance. As follow‐up to these results, this paper presents new empirical analytical asymmetric non‐indented model location shape. This obtained from fitting 15,349 crossings using 17 different spacecraft...

Abstract The shape and location of the magnetopause current sheet in near‐cusp region is still a debated question. Over time, several observations led to contradictory conclusions regarding presence an indentation that region. As result empirical models consider surface indented region, while some others do not. To tackle this issue, we fit total 17,230 crossings various non‐indented analytical models. results show all describe position equivalently far from cusp version over‐estimate radial...

Magnetic reconnection is the primary driver of magnetospheric activity by coupling magnetosphere to interplanetary medium with an efficiency that depends critically on its location. Several models have been proposed for location reconnection, but none are consistently supported global simulations and in-situ measurements too scarce fully address problem from a parametric standpoint. In this work, we investigate how spatial distributions physical quantities known be important in magnetic...

Electron radiation belt enhancement events are a key phenomena of the Earth geomagnetic activity and have been thoroughly studied in literature.Establishing extensive catalogs these automatically is asset to both global statistical study electron and, from an operational perspective, provide actionable scenario-based forecasts. The latter being objective EU Horizon Europe FARBES (Forecast Actionable Radiation Belts Scenarios) under which this work funded.Nowadays, existing attempts...

Abstract Magnetic field draping occurs when the magnetic lines frozen in a plasma flow wrap around body or environment. The of interplanetary (IMF) Earth's magnetosphere has been confirmed early days space exploration. However, its global and three-dimensional structure is known from modeling only, mostly numerical. Here, this dayside magnetosheath determined as function upstream IMF orientation purely in-situ spacecraft observations. We show can be organized three distinct regimes depending...

Abstract. This paper presents FORMap (Fast Ortho Mapping) a simple, automatic, fast and accurate commercial photogrammetry processing software for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery equiped with Direct Georeferencing (DG) technology. DG technique allows user to directly geo-reference the acquisition without use of Ground Control Points (GCP) by providing image external orientation (EO) parameters in mapping frame. However, it requires sensor relatively high quality provide an EO each...

We believe that there is a big misunderstandings about our answer.Please, let us try to clarify the situation.The referee seems think we train first model with very few points and automatically add positive predictions training set of another, etc.

In order to study the mechanical properties of a small body surface, accelerometers can be used record acceleration profile during landing and rebounding surface package. However, given low gravity environment, behaviour grains different under terrestrial [e.g., 1].Here we present data from experiments low-velocity impacts projectiles various shapes into types granular material in both normal reduced gravity. Then, further investigate dynamics, employ collisional model fit experimental using...

<p>The SCIentific Qt application for Learning from Observations of Plasmas (SciQLop) project allows to easily discover, retrieve, plot and label in situ space physic measurements remote servers such as Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb) or Automated Multi-Dataset (AMDA).  Analyzing data a single instrument on given mission can rise some technical difficulties finding where get them, how them sometimes read them.  Thus building example...