Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based solid-state batteries hold great promise as the next-generation with high energy density and safety. However, PEO-based electrolytes encounter certain limitations, including inferior ionic conductivity, low Li

This study is to explore the numerical features of a particle-mesh algorithm developed for stand-alone joint velocity-frequency-composition PDF method turbulent reactive flows. Numerical experiments are performed on piloted-jet nonpremixed flame methane characterize and quantify various errors in terms parameters: number particles per cellNpc, cells M2, time step Δ t. First, stationary solution obtained verified be independent Then, total error identified as statistical error, bias,...

A single-point transition closure model that incorporates analytical results by stability theory in a reasonably wide range of Mach numbers has been formulated for supersonic/hypersonic boundary-layer flows, which includes two transport equations to specify the onset locations: one eddy-viscosity coefficient laminar fluctuations and another intermittency factor. The effects compressibility are modeled through solutions self-similar boundary layer at subsonic supersonic conditions with...

Generalist predators are characterized as sentinel species because they conspicuous, occupy top trophic positions of the food chain, and have life history traits that make their information sensitive to ecosystem state alteration. Here, we test if changes in a generalist predator along an eutrophication gradient can be used determine regime shift lake ecosystems between clear turbid states provide reliable estimates resilience. We find redfin culter (Chanodichthys erythropterus) responded...

Traumatic fractures are mainly caused by various exogenous traumatic events, which not only damage patients' physical health but also affect their psychological state and aggravate stress responses. To analyze the influencing factors of resilience patients with effect on posttraumatic growth (PTG). This study included 188 admitted to First People's Hospital Shangqiu from November 2022 2023. The participants were categorized based patient's assessed Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)...

A one-equation turbulence model is presented. The modeling tries to adopt a more reliable source and less empirical coefficients. governing equation the turbulent kinetic energy equation, in which closed phenomenologically. stress intensity ratio calibrated be function controlled by local variables but not constant 0.3. extension of Bradshaw assumption turns out good accuracy, forming new Reynolds constitutive relation. two coefficients are both extracted from one slice flat-plate boundary...

A novel approach to identify internal interfacial layers, or IILs, in wall-bounded turbulent flows is proposed. Using a fuzzy cluster method (FCM) on the streamwise velocity component, unique and unambiguous grouping of uniform momentum zones (UMZs) achieved, thus allowing identification IILs. The overcomes some key limitations histogram-based IIL methods. insensitive domain length, can be used inhomogeneous grids, uses all available flow field data, trivially extended three dimensions does...

The attached boundary turbulent flow around two different airfoils at low Mach number condition are numerically simulated using the v2-f and S-A RANS models, performance is evaluated. numerical platform an open source CFD code based on Field Operation Manipulation C++ class library for continuum mechanics (OpenFOAM).In simulation, pressure field obtained with SIMPLE algorithm. advective volume-face fluxes approximated second-order TVD scheme/ limited linear differencing. velocity profile...

The carbon neutralization process continues to be a significant concern in China, particularly the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This study defines neutrality and presents regional capacity measurement index system that includes 12 indicators across four dimensions: production reduction, lifestyle ecological removal, technological removal. To assess relative absolute levels of Belt, uses time-weighted rough set theory uncertain model. Additionally, also Kernel density estimation, Dagum Gini...

Abstract Wall roughness significantly influences both laminar-turbulent transition process and fully developed turbulence. A wall extension for the KDO turbulence/transition model is developed. The effect introduced via modification of k ν t boundary conditions. considered to be lifted a higher position. difference between original position position, named as equivalent height, linked actual height. ratio two heights determined by reasoning. With such extension, predictions RANS agree well...

The current RANS models are generally established and calibrated under incompressible condition these kinds of could succeed in predicting many features flows. However, extended to the high-speed, compressible flows always less accurate. In paper, a von Kármán length scale is proposed for considering variable densities. It contains no empirical coefficients based on phenomenological theory. turbulent kinetic equation, extra unclosed terms induced by non-constant densities treated as...

An algebraic relationship between turbulent dissipation rate and von Karman length are used to dismiss the transport equation of in standard k−ε (SKE) turbulence model. Meanwhile, a recalibrated Bradshaw's assumption is built based on data from boundary layer flow flat plate simulated by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The JL model reformed one-equation which only depends energy, so new can also be called kinetic-energy dependent (KDO) As KDO using scale, it automatically adjust fit...

Abstract During the process of aerodynamic shape design supersonic and hypersonic space planes, laminar flow boundary layer transition prediction play important roles in aero-thermal numerical simulations protection design. Therefore, this study, a computational fluid dynamics compatible closure model for high speed laminar-to-turbulent transitional flows is formulated with consideration analysis results from stability theory. The proposed contains two transport equations to describe...