Hypertension ranks third in the world, after underweight and unsafe sex, list of six major risk factors contributing to global disease. In Kenya, prevalence stands at 24% general population, while among young adults, incidence hypertension has been reported be rise; a fact attributed increased number risks. We therefore sought determine awareness adults attending Tenwek hospital.A case-control study ages 18-35, involving 80 cases controls Mission Hospital, Bomet County. Cases included males...

Antimicrobial agents are useful for control of bacterial infections in food animals and man. Their prudent use these is important to any possible development transfer resistance between The objective this study was generate quantitative information evaluate antimicrobial usage patterns by animal species, route administration, class type from 1995 1999 Kenya. Theses data essential risk analysis planning can be helpful interpreting surveillance data, evaluating the effectiveness efforts...

Several fastidious bacteria have been associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), but their role in lactobacilli recolonization failure is unknown. We studied the effect of 7 BV-associated species and 2 Lactobacillus on vaginal colonization crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V).Twenty-four women BV were given a 5-day course metronidazole gel then randomized 3:1 to receive either LACTIN-V or placebo applied vaginally once daily for 5 initial consecutive days, followed by weekly application over weeks....

Chicken is a rich source of meat protein and increasingly being consumed in urban areas Kenya. However, under poor hygienic environment, raw chicken presents an ideal substrate supporting the growth pathogenic Escherichia coli Coliform bacteria indicating potential presence other bacteria; this may constitute major food-borne illnesses humans. This study sought to assess microbiological quality safety sold Nairobi, Kenya by determining E. coli/coliform contamination levels as well...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections have a global prevalence with devastating morbidity massive mortality, Sub-Saharan Africa being the worst hit.Objectives: To evaluate of TB-HIV co-infection demonstrate confusion caused by NTM HIV/AIDS in TB diagnosis treatment western Kenya.Methods: In cross-sectional study carried out at 10 hospitals Kenya, sputa from consenting 872 suspects underwent microscopy, culture on Lowenstein-Jensen Mycobacteria Growth Index Tube media. Isolates...

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of bacteria in urine without apparent symptoms urinary tract infections. The importance asymptomatic lies insight it provides into symptomatic To determine prevalence, bacterial isolates and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile infection pregnant women selected clinics Nairobi.This was a cross-sectional study involving attending antenatal clinic at Nairobi County. who met inclusion criteria were included study. midstream samples these subjected to...

The aims of this study were to determine the genetic basis streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance in 30 Escherichia coli isolates from food animals Kenya role plasmids spread resistance. Seven 29 streptomycin-resistant harbored both strA strB genes. Twenty-one had strA, strB, aadA1 gene was disrupted by a functional trimethoprim gene, dfrA14 10 21 harboring three Physical linkage intact sul2 genes found two different four isolates. Linkage cassette-borne dfrA1 class 1 integrons...

Background: Salmonellosis is considered one of the most widespread food-borne zoonoses in industrialized as well developing countries. The presence Salmonella food animals at slaughter and consequent cross-contamination edible carcass tissues present a significant safety hazard. Methodology: Samples were collected from randomly selected pigs Ndumbuini abattoir Nairobi. Isolates confirmed to be by biochemical tests characterised serotyping, phage typing plasmid analysis. Minimum inhibitory...

Abstract Optimal infant nutrition is crucial for good health and survival. HIV-exposed infants have a greater incidence of low birthweight than HIV-unexposed infants, predisposing them to malnutrition risk HIV infection. A 12-month longitudinal study was conducted on 166 assessing nutritional status at 6 weeks, months, 12 months. Fisher’s test logistic regression analysed the data using WHO growth standards. Ethical approval obtained (KEMRI/SERU/CPHR/002/3525). Results: Wasting : Younger...

Most children from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk of poor development. Poor developmental outcomes associated with later schooling labour outcomes. Previous literature has documented a range factors that influence children's However, these not well established in rural settings. The current study aims assessing the determinants among under 3 years. Siaya County, Kenya. A cross-sectional years their caregivers, attending Child Welfare Clinic (CWC) tier health facilities...

Introduction: an estimated 55,000 people die from rabies annually. Factors promoting dog vaccination, estimates of vaccination coverage and knowledge on are important for effective control. We sought to establish these at household (HH) level whether is associated with proper control practices.

Among the bacterial causes, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is most important etiologic agent of childhood diarrhoea and represents a major public health problem in developing countries. New evidence suggests that differences virulence among groups DEC pathotypes may be related to presence specific pathogenicity islands (PAIs).Multiplex conventional PCR assays were used identify PAIs respectively from 207 E. isolates.The predominant pathotype isolated was EPEC 19.3% (40/207), followed...

Introduction: diarrheal infections in young children below five years and food animals are caused by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains. The study focused on understanding the association between DEC pathotypes to establish possibility of zoonotic transmission.

Microvascular complications are one of the major causes morbidity and mortality worldwide among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In Kenya, Nyeri County has highest prevalence compared to other counties. More than 50% Referral Hospital (NCRH) admissions result from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over 55% hospital deaths attributable NCDs. This study therefore sought assess microvascular associated risk factors attending in Kenya. A hospital-based cross-sectional was conducted on 314 DM...

Clinical trials were conducted to assess the feasibility of using a cell phone text messaging-based system follow up Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral (ARTs) and for improved adherence their medication. However there is need evaluate perceptions HIV towards use these phones in an effort better aid clinical management infection. The objective this study was therefore determine messaging as tool support ART medication.A cross sectional survey among...

Introduction: Kenya is home to over 400 000 refugees from neighbouring countries. There scanty information about diarrhoea amongst urban in Kenya.Objectives: We investigated the enteric bacteria causing refugee children and described associated factors.Method: During period of August–December 2010, between ages two five who attended Eastleigh County Council Health Centre were enrolled into study. Diarrhoeal cases compared with age-matched no (controls). Stool specimens collected isolated. A...

Bacteriocins are described as ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides lethal to bacteria other than the producing strain. They most abundant of compounds produced by bacteria. These offer an advantage over targeting specific organisms and generally regarded safe for humans. The crude bacteriocins have been found be affected presence proteolytic enzymes like trypsin, temperature, pH, salts, ions copper or iron. agents gaining attention not only alternative therapeutics in...

Objectives: To establish modifiable factors associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among prisoners.Design: Retrospective matched case-control study.Setting: Nakuru GK prison in Kenya.Subjects: A total of l44 subjects (48 cases and 96 controls) were recruited into the study. Cases adult prisoners who had at least two initial sputum specimens being Acid Fast Bacilli-positive (AFB+) on direct smear microscopy hence to PTB WHO DOTS Programme. Controls adults no chronic cough not...

Introduction: the World Health Organization (WHO) promotes Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) strategy as standard to increase adherence Tuberculosis (TB) medication. However, cases of retreatment and Multi Drug Resistant continue be reported in many parts Kenya. This study sought determine factors influencing completion tuberculosis medication among TB patients Embu County,

Life-threatening medical issues can result from snakebite, and hence this is a public health concern. In many tropical subtropical nations such as Kenya, where wide variety of poisonous snakes are prevalent, diagnosis snakebite in facilities imperative. Different antivenoms needed to treat the venom different snake species. Nonetheless, it might be difficult for professionals identify exact species that envenomated patient due similarities several envenomations' clinical symptoms. Therefore,...