In this article, seven filter algorithms were compared. The Lee sigma method was more suitable for estimating soil moisture (SM) than the other filtering methods under different land cover types. First, we used a combination of roughness and dual-polarized Sentinel-1A backscattering coefficients (VV VH) to estimate SM in bare areas. Second, employed water cloud model (WCM) remove influence vegetation signals on surface vegetation-covered also retrieved by modified monitoring index (MSMMI)...

This article aims to explore the applicability of SMMI (soil moisture monitoring index), MSMMI (modified soil PDI (perpendicular drought and MPDI perpendicular index) in estimating (SM) farmland. The random forest classifier was used obtain two-stage land cover types maps. sensitivity Sentinel-2 spectral bands measured SM at a depth 0-5 cm optimized by regression. According sensitive bands, from different feature spaces were constructed their feasibility for under types. Second, fractional...

In this study, we propose a novel long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model that leverages color features (HSV: hue, saturation, value) extracted from street images to estimate air quality with particulate matter (PM) in four typical European environments: urban, suburban, villages, and the harbor. To evaluate its performance, utilize concentration data for eight parameters of ambient PM (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, particle number concentration, lung-deposited surface area, equivalent mass...

Children’s activity spaces in communities designed for children’s recreation are related to safety and physical health. Outdoor thermal comfort of high-density urban residential areas is the key use summer. To this end, meteorological measurements questionnaires were conducted better understand outdoor summer, was evaluated using universal climate index (UTCI) Chongqing, China. We draw four conclusions: (1) Different landscape types have different effects on comfort, gender differences also...

To address the problem that traditional models are not effective in predicting atmospheric temperature, this paper proposes an temperature prediction model based on symmetric BiLSTM (bidirectional long short-term memory)-Attention model. Firstly, meteorological data from five major stations Beijing were integrated, cleaned, and normalized to build dataset containing multiple feature dimensions; then, a memory network was used construct with forward backward information time dimension. And...

Identifying the microscopic mechanism of CO2–oil miscibility is significant for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2–EOR) in tight sandstone reservoirs. In this work, effects composition, formation pressure, temperature, and methane content on characteristics were systematically studied by molecular simulation methods. According to change oil–gas centroid displacement, behavior was divided into four stages: rapid diffusion, dissolution swelling, competitive adsorption film detachment, complete or...

Abstract. Simulating global and regional climate at high resolution is essential to study the effects of change capture extreme events affecting human populations. To achieve this goal, scalability models efficiency individual model components are both important. Radiative transfer among most computationally expensive in a typical model. Here we attempt component using neural network. We aim feasibility replacing an explicit, physics-based computation longwave radiative by network emulator,...

Abstract Based on the measurement principle of psychrometer and experimental data, influence wind speed humidity is analyzed, uncertainty measured by evaluated GUM method. The research results show that under condition high temperature humidity, relative not sensitive to speed. When 90%RH air 85°C, difference calculated using different coefficients 0.03% RH. With decrease dry-bulb gradually increases. 20%RH 20°C, 2.64% main introduced coefficient which a function Measurement decreases with...

Using remote sensing technique to determine coastline's position has been received vital attention. This paper presents a novel approach for detecting coastline of image based on K-Means cluster and Distance Transform algorithm. algorithm divides the into two regions-water land area. Then extract sea area by distance transfoming. Finally, will be detected edge traking. Results showed that method proposed in this have good performance accuracy completeness.

Large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation is crucial for understanding the scene environment in a variety of applications such as autonomous driving. To address problem that existing large-scale methods cannot fully exploit local neighborhood information clouds and are prone features, we propose parallel feature extraction (LPFE) module enhances representation points by separately coding geometric structure each clouds. The LPFE consists three blocks, including encoding (SIE) block,...

The accurate characterization of soil structure is fundamental to groundwater science, environmental ecology, and Earth systems science. To address the challenge quantifying high spatial variability large-scale structures, this study used a laser particle size analyzer measure distribution in 207 samples from ten profiles across Daqing Ziya River basins North China Plain. quantified structure, expressed as fractal dimension D, was derived using monofractal theory. Various analysis...

The relationship between soil structure and salt accumulation is unclear; thus, experiments on under different structures were conducted in cotton fields arid areas of northwest China. Thirty-nine sets samples collected from the 0 to 180 cm profile three experimental areas. total content extracts particle size distribution determined using a JENCO TDS laser analyzer, respectively, fractal dimension was obtained theory. Pearson’s correlation analysis Tukey’s test (p < 0.01) used analyze...

A single-porosity model is developed to deal with a fracture zone slug test in large dip angle by assuming the causes downward regional flow.For oscillatory response, larger amplitude while introduces little impact on period.The effective water length, an important parameter necessary for analyzing proven be independent of and can evaluated using available horizontal formation methods.The effect more pronounced storage coefficient.An empirical relationship evaluate limiting angle, below...

<p>In the twenty-first century, extreme weather events leading to flooding and heat waves, have become one of most severe challenges in urban areas, especially under circumstances local climate change rapid urbanisation. In future, cities are going encounter more natural disaster risks understanding how these could combine with modification environment (for example through adoption green infrastructure) is critical for decisions relating mitigation adaptation change. Green...

Abstract There are two main categories of dryness monitoring indices based on spectral feature space. One category uses the vertical distance from any point to a line passing through coordinate origin, which is perpendicular soil line, monitor conditions. The most popular Perpendicular Dryness Index (PDI) and modified index (MPDI). other in space origin represent status, for instance, moisture (SM) (SMMI) (MSMMI). In this study, performances differences these four indicators were evaluated...