Thin and Selective Outpourings When using a membrane to separate materials, the efficiency of separation is limited by how fast gas or liquid passes through selective it is. Thinner membranes usually allow for faster flow rates but are less selective. Attempting maintain selectivity, Celebi et al. (p. 289 ) developed sophisticated way drill holes controlled diameter in graphene sheet about two layers thick. For such thin membrane, primary barriers come from entrance exit not motion membrane.

Abstract Electrochromic devices can facilitate the realization of a wide set future applications, ranging from energy‐saving windows to smart wearables and stealth. Historically, tungsten oxides have been most studied materials for electrochromism, albeit with bottlenecks like limited conductivity, high charge transport barrier, low ion diffusivity. Here, inspired by recent MXene materials, study has engineered an electrochromic composite nanosheets (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) W 18 O 49 nanowires (NWs)....

It has been claimed that graphene growth on copper by chemical vapor deposition is dominated crystallization from the surface initially supersaturated with carbon adatoms, which implies independent of hydrocarbon addition after nucleation phase. Here, we present an alternative model based our observations oppose this claim. Our Gompertzian sigmoidal kinetics and secondary behavior support postulate can be controlled adsorption-desorption dynamics dispersive kinetic processes catalytic...

Developing a highly efficient electrochromic energy storage device with sufficient color fluctuation and significant electrochemical performance is desirable for practical energy-saving applications. Here, to achieve stable material large capacity, W

We extend the model of Chance, Prock and Silbey [1] analytically determine Poynting vector in direction perpendicular to plane a multilayer organic device. The result is used predict spatial profile Förster energy transfer, radiative output an light emitting device, calculate efficiency surface plasmon polariton-mediated transfer across thin silver film.

The authors employ a microcavity to optimize the color of phosphorescent organic light emitting device (OLED) based on the-sky blue phosphor FIrpic. output OLED is filtered by scattering media correct angular emission intensity profile and eliminate dependence color. With holographic diffuser as medium, achieves an external quantum efficiency (5.5±0.6)%, compared (3.8±0.4)% for conventional structure. coordinates with are (x,y)=(0.116±0.004,0.136±0.010) minimal shift nearly ideal Lambertian profile.

We present our observations made during the early stages of graphene growth employing an ethylene-based CVD method capable synthesizing copper-foil-catalyzed monolayer at temperatures as low 800°C. Spectroscopic monitoring surface catalysis showed that crystals evolve from densely distributed nucleation points interconnect to form large covering entire surface. Secondary was observed inside primary crystals. An effective activation energy for copper-catalyzed synthesis determined be 2.46 eV,...

The authors demonstrate that thin film organic photovoltaic cells are efficient detectors of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). For λ=532nm radiation in a Kretschmann configuration, the external quantum efficiency fullerene–copper phthalocyanine is doubled at resonance to 12%. In heterojunction photovoltaics, SPP detection relies on substantial increase absorption when incoming coupled guided SPPs rather than unguided photons. scattering and nonradiative losses negligible; however, optical...

The performance of a phthalocyanine-based photovoltaic is boosted in the absorption gap between phthalocyanine Q and Soret bands. Light decoupled from exciton diffusion using light absorbing “antenna” layer external to conventional charge generating layers. Radiation absorbed by antenna transferred into layers via surface plasmon polaritons an interfacial thin silver contact. peak efficiency energy transfer measured be at least (51±10)%.

The density of states (DOS) is an important factor in understanding charge transport organic semiconductors. We use Kelvin probe force microscopy to find the DOS thin films copper phthalocyanine (CuPC). exponential with a characteristic energy 0.11 eV over 0.5 range highest occupied molecular orbital CuPC. also that technique limited by trapping and hysteresis at low DOSs, nonuniform potential profiles within CuPC film high DOSs.

Abstract Potassium ion (K + ) detection technology based on electrochemical sensing has proven to be feasible and widely used in physiological real‐time monitoring pathological prediction. Nevertheless, chip integration, wireless communication needs, specific limits present challenges. In this study, high‐performance electrochromic materials (W 18 O 49 nanowires) ion‐selective thin films are introduced a highly selective, colorimetric K biosensor, which demonstrates excellent selectivity...

We report InGaAs/InAlAs based terahertz quantum cascade lasers with a short, bound-to-continuum design. These operate at 3.1 THz up to 115 K and emit 19 mW of peak optical power 10 K. Devices modified waveguide lase 122 reduced 4 mW. The upper state lifetime was computed assuming alloy, interface roughness longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon scatterings. Comparison experiment suggests that the elastic scattering processes limit low temperature while inelastic LO-phonon becomes dominant...

Metal surfaces coated with ultrathin lossy dielectrics enable color generation through strong interferences in the visible spectrum. Using a phase-change thin film as coating layer offers tuning generated by crystallization or re-amorphization. Here, we study optical response of consisting (5–40 nm) phase-changing Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) films on metal, primarily Al, layers. A scale ranging from yellow to red blue that is obtained using different thicknesses as-deposited amorphous GST layers turns...

Infrared absorption spectroscopy has greatly benefited from the electromagnetic field enhancement offered by plasmonic surfaces. However, because of localized nature fields, such enhancements are limited to nanometer-scale volumes. Here, we demonstrate that a relatively small, but spatially uniform can yield superior infrared detection performance compared exhibited optimized nanoantennas. A specifically designed CaF2/Al thin film surface is shown enable observation stronger vibrational...

The thermal tunability of the optical and electrical properties phase-change materials has enabled decades-old rewritable data storage recently commercialized memory devices. Recently, materials, in particular, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), have been considered for other thermally configurable photonics applications, such as active plasmonic surfaces. Here, we focus on nonplasmonic field enhancement demonstrate use ultrasensitive infrared absorption spectroscopy platforms employing interference-based...

Molecular separations involving solvents and organic impurities represent great challenges for environmental water-intensive industries. Novel materials with intrinsic nanoscale pores offer a choice improvement in terms of energy efficiency capital costs. Particularly, applications where gradient ordered separation contaminants remain elusive, smart switchable can efficient solutions. Here, we report hierarchically networked porous cage membrane dynamic control over pores, elucidating stable...

In this work we prepare Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers with a trifunctional amphiphilic anthraphane monomer. Upon spreading at the air/water interface, monomers self-assemble into 1 nm-thin monolayer islands, which are highly fluorescent and can be visualized by naked eye upon excitation. situ fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that in monolayers, all anthracene units of stacked face-to-face forming excimer pairs, whereas edges free anthracenes present acting as edge groups. Irradiation...

Abstract Confinement of particles to fluid–fluid interfaces provides a unique interaction environment, allowing the directed assembly using lateral capillary forces. The particle laden interfacial layers can be deposited onto variety substrates for fabrication thin film coatings, designed have structural or functional properties resulting from interface‐specific structures. For electrically conducting films and specifically graphene‐based deposition techniques could offer low cost...

Integrated surface plasmon resonance biosensors promise to enable compact and portable biosensing at high sensitivities. To replace the far field detector traditionally used detect plasmons we integrate a near below functionalized gold film. The evanescent of aqueous-gold interface is converted into photocurrent by thin film organic heterojunction diode. We demonstrate that use equivalent traditional measurement reflectivity. sensor stable reversible in an aqueous environment for periods 6...

The realization of stable, high efficiency blue organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) remains challenging. fluorescent OLEDs is fundamentally limited, and phosphors are typically less stable. We discuss potential solutions to these problems. show that device engineering can be used optimize the color a relatively stable efficient bluegreen phosphor. In addition, we demonstrate ability manipulate fraction excitons which form as singlets in materials by inserting mixing layer affects only...

Metal films covered with ultrathin lossy dielectrics can exhibit strong interference effects manifested as the broad absorption of incident light resulting in distinct surface colors. Despite their simple bilayer structures, such surfaces have only recently been scrutinized and applied mainly to color printing. Here, we report use for colorimetric detection dielectrics. Upon deposition a nanometer-thick dielectric on surface, peak red shifts, changing color. The contrast between bare...

Organic photovoltaics (PV) are constrained by a tradeoff between exciton diffusion and optical absorption. The short length within organic semiconductors demands the use of extremely absorptive materials. Unfortunately, excitonic character most materials yields highly structured absorption spectra, with regions strong weak Here, we describe device architecture that decouples light in PV through addition absorbing 'antenna' layer external to conventional charge generating layers. Radiation...