Skeletal muscle wasting is an important public health problem associated with aging, chronic disease, cancer, kidney dialysis, and HIV/AIDS. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D3), the active form of vitamin D, widely recognized for its regulation calcium phosphate homeostasis in relation to bone development maintenance calcemic effects on target organs, such as intestine, kidney, parathyroid glands. Emerging evidence has shown that administration improves performance reduces falls D-deficient...

To determine whether a long-term single daily oral dose of longer half-life phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, tadalafil, has similar effect to that the shorter PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil and vardenafil, can prevent fibrosis resultant corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) occurring after cavernosal nerve (CN) injury.Male rats (10 per group) had either sham operation, unilateral CN resection (CNR) or bilateral CNR, were left untreated given retrolingually 5 mg/kg day tadalafil. After...

To determine whether the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, vardenafil, given orally and in different regimens, has a similar effect to that of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil, which prevented development Peyronie's disease (PD)-like plaque formation induced by injecting transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) into tunica albuginea rat.Vardenafil was male rats (eight per group) either drinking water or as an oral instillation once daily, at approximately 1 3 mg/kg/day for 45 days after one...

Aging-related erectile dysfunction is characterized by a loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibrosis in the corpora cavernosa, functionally corporal veno-occlusive (CVOD). Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5A) inhibitors, part via upregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2A), have antifibrotic properties penile tissues. We aimed to determine whether aged rat chronic long-term treatment with sildenafil ameliorates SMC fibrosis, stimulates NOS2A induction, corrects associated CVOD. Aged male...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether skeletal muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) convert into smooth muscle (SMCs) both in vitro and vivo , so doing ameliorate the erectile dysfunction (ED) of aged rats, endogenous are present rat corpora cavernosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS MDSCs were obtained from mouse muscle, shown by immunocytochemistry for α‐smooth actin (αSMA) to originate myofibroblasts SMCs, discriminating SMCs calponin 1 expression. In these MDSCs, labelled with 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole,...

Skeletal muscle wasting is a serious disorder associated with health conditions such as aging, chronic kidney disease and AIDS. Vitamin D most widely recognized for its regulation of calcium phosphate homeostasis in relation to bone development maintenance. Recently, vitamin supplementation has been shown improve performance reduce the risk falls deficient older adults. However, little known underlying molecular mechanism(s) or role it plays myogenic differentiation. We examined effect...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of fibrin in inducing fibrosis tunica albuginea (TA) rat penis, to develop a new animal model for Peyronie's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The TA rats (five per group period) were injected with either saline, fibrin, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) or TGF‐β1 plus fibrin; killed at 1, 3, and 6 weeks after injection. Images analysed quantitatively from tissue sections stained collagen (Masson trichrome), (Verhoeff's stain) elastin (Hart's stain),...

Erectile dysfunction in the aging male results part from loss of compliance corpora cavernosal smooth muscle due to progressive replacement cells by collagen fibers. We have examined hypothesis that a spontaneous local induction inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and subsequent peroxynitrite formation occurs penis during this process is accompanied stimulation apoptosis deposition. The penile shaft crura were excised young (3-5 mo old) old (24-30 rats, with or without...

Gene transfer to the penile corpora cavernosa of constructs inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) cDNAs ameliorates erectile dysfunction in aged rats. In this study, we investigated whether neuronal NOS (nNOS) variant responsible for erection, nNOS (PnNOS), can exert a similar effect, combination electroporation with helper-dependent adenovirus (AdV) improves gene transfer. PnNOS beta-galactosidase were cloned plasmid (pCMV-PnNOS; pCMV-beta-gal) "gutless" AdV (AdV-CMV-PnNOS;...

Abstract Background Myostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. knockout mice exhibit hypertrophy and decreased interstitial fibrosis. We investigated whether a plasmid expressing short hairpin interfering RNA (shRNA) against myostatin transduced using electroporation would increase local mass. Methods Short RNAs (siRNAs) targeting were co‐transfected with myostatin‐expressing into HEK293 cells identified for silencing by Western blot. Corresponding shRNAs cloned shRNA expression...

Aging associated erectile dysfunction (ED) is primarily caused by the reduction in smooth muscle cells (SMC) and an increase collagen within corpora cavernosa, assumed to result from reactive oxygen species (ROS). This accompanied expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) produce that scavenges ROS inhibits deposition. We investigated whether with aging similar processes occur arterial media SMC share some common physiological functions cavernosal SMC.Aged (22-24 months) male...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether corporal veno‐occlusive dysfunction (CVOD), smooth muscle (SM) loss, fibrosis and oxidative stress occur in a rat model of type 2 diabetes, these are counteracted by pioglitazone, as pioglitazone is vasculoprotective, SM an extension arterial SM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male obese Zucker fa/fa rats were fed chow containing 0%, 0.001% or 0.02% for 5 months, using untreated lean Fischer 344 controls. Functional changes determined dynamic‐infusion cavernosometry....

In utero exposure to the ubiquitous plasticizer, bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with offspring obesity. As adipogenesis a critical factor contributing obesity, we determined effects of in vivo maternal BPA and vitro on newborn adipose tissue at stem-cell level. For studies, female rats received before during pregnancy lactation via drinking water, were studied for measures adiposity signals. exposure, primary pre-adipocyte cell cultures from healthy newborns utilized. We proliferative...

The nutraceutical COMP-4 –consisting of L-citrulline, ginger extract, and herbal components Paullinia cupana muira puama–has been shown previously to stimulate the production nitric oxide (NO) in a variety tissue types. We hypothesized that may have protective, stimulatory effect on vascular endothelial cell. Human umbilical arterial cells were incubated for 24 hours with or without and, replicate impairment function, co-incubated H 2 O . NO intracellular content, nitrite formation cGMP...