Infusion of adenine nucleotides and adenosine into perfused rat livers resulted in stimulation hepatic glycogenolysis, transient increases the effluent perfusate [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio, increased portal vein pressure. In with buffer containing 50 microM-Ca2+, efflux Ca2+ was seen on liver or adenosine. ADP most potent nucleotides, stimulating glucose output at concentrations as low 0.15 microM, half-maximal approx. 1 ATP slightly less potent, requiring 4 microM-ATP. AMP...

CONTEXT: Grazing enterprises employ a range of management strategies in rain-fed Australian sheep production systems, which alters both potential and profitability. This research used stochastic whole-farm simulation modelling methodology to assess the impact six different regimes on long-term profitability model farm simulated from August 1971 July 2018.OBJECTIVE: We aimed 1) compare whole productivity economics systems 2) identify factors that were driving differences between 3) determine...

This observational study highlights the apparent lower severity of footrot in goats compared with sheep, risk false negative results from elastase tests, need to clean contractors' equipment between properties and indicates potential use kidding (or lambing) time individual mob biosecurity managing footrot.

Infusion of adenosine into perfused rat livers resulted in transient increases glucose output, portal-vein pressure, the effluent perfusate [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio, and O2 consumption. 8-Phenyltheophylline (10 microM) inhibited responses, whereas dipyridamole (50 potentiated vasoconstrictive effect adenosine. The order potency for analogues was: 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) greater than L-phenylisopropyladenosine cyclohexyladenosine D-phenylisopropyladenosine 2-chloroadenosine...

Infusion of the thromboxane A2 analogue U-46619 into isolated perfused rat livers resulted in dose-dependent increases glucose output and portal vein pressure, indicative constriction hepatic vasculature. At low concentrations, e.g. less than or equal to 42 ng/ml, occurred only during agonist infusion; whereas at concentrations greater 63 a peak also was observed upon termination infusion coincident with relief vasoconstriction. Effluent perfusate lactate/pyruvate...

Robertson, S. M., Jeffrey, R., Unterschultz, J. R. and Boxall, P. C. 2013. Estimating yield response to temperature identifying critical temperatures for annual crops in the Canadian Prairie region. Can. Plant Sci. 93: 1237–1247. Historical data, by municipal district three prairie provinces, are used estimate marginal effect of exposure specific defined ranges during growing season. Incorporating these non-linear effects into model improves forecasting over models that use average or degree...

Perinatal mortality of lambs is on average 20% born in extensive Australian grazing systems, constituting a substantial production loss and welfare concern. Hypoxia resulting from prolonged or difficult births contributes to lower rates lamb survival, caffeine may reduce the effects hypoxia. This study evaluated whether oral supplementation ewes with could improve survival. Pregnant Merino (n=492) which had been naturally mated rams February/March were allocated three replicates control (no...

Grazing vegetative wheat, barley and oats (both dual-purpose traditional spring varieties) is becoming an important strategic tactical grazing option on farms where crops livestock co-exist. The high winter growth rates of the offer opportunity to fill feed gap nutritive value (metabolisable energy crude protein) makes them well suited meet requirements reproducing ewes. However, metabolic disorders have been reported many producers avoid these with ewes because risk. present study aimed...

The management of ewes across southern Australia may vary with breed and can change over time and, as such, a greater understanding producer practices the motivations that influence these is required. A cross-sectional study was performed by telephone interview sheep producers managing Composite, Maternal, Merino or shedding ewe breeds mated in either spring, summer, autumn. surveyed were unique subset Australian producers. large proportion followed current best practice guidelines for...

Grazing vegetative wheat, barley and oats (both dual-purpose traditional spring varieties) is becoming an important strategic tactical grazing option on farms where crops livestock coexist. However, metabolic disorders have been reported many producers avoid these with reproducing ewes because of the risk. A recent survey 18 pregnant indicated a high proportion grazed had forage calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) magnesium (Mg) below published requirements potassium (K) above maximum tolerable level....

The finline coupler is a recently developed microwave circuit element with which it has been possible to assemble hybrid junctions, directional couplers, and polarization-selective couplers capable of operating over bandwidths at least three one in frequency. Constructional details experimental results are given.

Abstract Perinatal lamb mortality is a major source of reproductive loss, particularly for twins. A study was conducted to determine whether provision shelter in the form shrub belts (a ‘maternity ward’) could increase survival twin lambs compared with hedgerows, and hedgerows improve single unsheltered paddocks. Measurements were recorded Merino × Poll Dorset cross born (phalaris or hessian) paddocks over years 2007–2009. Records 382 726 used. The not increased (P = 0.06) by hedgerow...

Abstract 4,4′‐Methylene‐bis(2‐chloroaniline) (MBOCA), a known carcinogen in several animal species, is frequently found the urine of humans exposed to compound plastics industry. A knowledge metabolism and tissue distribution MBOCA would be value monitoring exposure this potential human carcinogen. Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral administration [ 14 C]MBOCA rats, approximately one third radioactivity was excreted urine. Only 1–2% identified as by high performance liquid...

The death of newborn lambs is a major factor influencing the reproductive efficiency sheep enterprises. Adverse weather conditions (wind, precipitation and low temperature), either alone or in combination (chill index), can increase level lamb mortality to over 50% births for short periods through increased heat loss. provision shelter reduce wind speed therefore chill index (heat loss) has been shown mortality; however, reduction variable. This study used decision support tool GrassGro...

This experiment evaluated the effect of stocking intensity at lambing on lamb survival. A randomised block design with three replicates compared rates 16 and 30 ewes/ha. Twin-bearing Merino ewes (n = 69) that had been mated Poll Dorset × White Suffolk rams were placed in paddocks sheltered rows hessian, 8 or 15 per 0.5-ha plot for low high rates, respectively. The survival lambs born alive rate (63%) was 24% less (P 0.002) than those (83%), associated a higher < 0.05) proportion dying...

This paper describes the modeling and experimental evaluation of Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) lines, stubs, filters between 2 110 GHz. These lines provide a very low loss alternative to microstrip or coplanar waveguide for millimeter- submillimeter-wave applications without use vias. Their mode free operation allows excellent agreement measured data LIBRA The have at W-band comparable with best membrane reported recently. includes details analytic FDTD investigations description fabrication...

Addition of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), 1 × 10-7 M, to cultured neonatal rat heart cells resulted in rapid increases beating rate and cellular concentrations cAMP. Calcitonin (1 M), contrast, had no significant effect on cell or cAMP content. CGRPstimulated content were rapid, transient, dose dependent, potentiated by isobutylmethylxanthine 10-4 M). Half-maximal occurred at 10-8 M CGRP. Heart adenylate cyclase responses CGRP desensitized a (i.e. within 5 min) dose-dependent...

Diets high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6) are associated with increased prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) synthesis cattle, however, the specific effects on potential response to an oxytocin challenge sheep have not been reported. The aim of current study was determine whether oxytocin-stimulated PGF(2α) significantly when ewes were fed a diet n-6 compared control low n-6. Merino x Border Leicester (n = 30) received one two dietary treatments, either (70 % oat grain) or (control...

High lamb mortality continues to be a significant economic and welfare problem within the Australian sheep industry, with 20–30% of lambs born in commercial flocks dying mostly 3 days birth. Clinical hypocalcaemia hypomagnesaemia cause ewe mortality, and, subsequently, either fetal or death, but it is not known whether subclinical deficiencies calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg) compromise survival. This review considers potential mechanisms through which Ca Mg may influence survival, factors...

High lamb mortality rates reduce profitability and the perceived animal welfare standards of industry. This study aimed to understand producer knowledge causes mortality, investigate various practices perceptions producers that may contribute deaths. Postal online surveys gathered data on Australian sheep producer’s around lambing management practices. Based results, approximately 50% estimated less than 10% lambs between birth marking, compared published estimates 20–25% mortality....

This experiment used contact loggers and GPS collars to evaluate the effect of stocking rate during lambing on ewe movement levels between animals. Twin-bearing Merino ewes were placed in 0.5-ha paddocks sheltered with rows hessian at rates 16 30 ewes/ha for low high rates, respectively. The did not spend more time areas paddock, use shelter was influenced by rate. Ewes travelled 11% farther per day but crossed through 37% less than Stocking change level ewes, higher shown their lambs...