Glycerol, an organic waste generated by the biodiesel industry, has been recently proposed as a valuable green solvent. This review summarizes advantages, disadvantages and potential uses of glycerol solvent for catalysis, synthesis, separations materials chemistry. In particular, through selected examples we show here that may combine advantages water (low toxicity, low price, large availability, renewability) ionic liquids (high boiling point, vapour pressure, solubility in scCO2). More...

Simple and green synthetic procedures constitute an important goal in organic synthesis. The combination of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) unconventional solvents has become a new research direction, which enables simultaneous growth both MCRs toward ideal This review summarizes recent results obtained media including water, ionic liquids, polyethylene glycol bio-based solvents.

Abstract magnified image Topics related to ionic liquid (IL)‐based catalysis with solids not only open new ways for studies of heterogeneous catalysts, but also minimize many the negative effects that current ILs have encountered. This review evaluates various examples in solid‐based catalytic systems been developed aid ILs. Catalysis over ready‐made solid catalysts presence ILs, immobilizations homogeneous organic and organometallic concepts supported phase catalysis, metal nanoparticles as...

Formic acid is a main product from biomass-derived carbohydrates and attracting ever more attention as sustainable hydrogen source, owing to its high volumetric density of 53 g H2 per liter. In this review, we give an overview the formic mediated transformations biomass-based feedstocks into added-value products, including biofuels; will be primarily focused on transformation platform chemicals, with emphasis levulinic acid. Formic-acid lignin depolymerization biomass-oil upgrading also discussed.

Abstract Direct knitting of nucleophilic arene monomers in the presence electrophilic cross‐linker, like formaldehyde dimethyl acetal, is proven to be a cost‐effective and versatile method for synthesis porous organic polymers. The resulting hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are featured by hierarchical structure, high surface area, pore volume. Coordinating functional groups can easily installed with this into rigid aryl network. HCPs has therefore been widely used preparing heterogeneous...

Despite their wide use in many fields, common dipolar aprotic solvents are urged to be replaced because of detrimental effects on health and environment. Therefore, green replacement strategies synthesis have been summarized.

Simple, clean, safe, reproducible, and practical describes the synthesis of disubstituted urea derivatives, which are effectively synthesized from amines carbon dioxide with a CsOH/ionic-liquid catalyst system. The products easily separated catalytic system can be reused without deactivation (see picture).

Electrocatalytic cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides in room temperature ionic liquids as reaction media without any additional supporting electrolyte and catalyst could be conducted with high excellent performances under mild conditions.

C3-cycloalkylated indole was synthesized from and cyclic ketone in the absence of a reductant with aid an acid catalyst.

Lactic acid was used, for the first time, as a bio-based green solvent to promote some organic reactions, such three-component reactions of styrenes, formaldehyde and an active phenolic compound or N,N-dialkylacetoacetamides, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, anilines aromatic aldehydes, aniline-catalyzed condensations between salicylaldehydes synthesis substituted quinolines through Friedländer annulation 2′-aminoacetophenone 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. In these lactic exhibited many advantages...

A task-specific functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) with hollow spherical structure was synthesized by an easily accessible Friedel–Crafts reaction-based approach. harmonious coexistence of acid (sulfonic acid) and base (amine) sites on a microporous organic material achieved. The acid–base bifunctional HCP catalyst (HCP–A–B) fully characterized many physicochemical methods. In the subsequent tandem reactions (hydrolysis/Henry hydrolysis/Knoevenagel reactions), HCP–A–B displayed...

Formaldehyde was used as a versatile C1 building block to forge either acyclic or heterocyclic molecules <italic>via</italic> multicomponent reactions with the potential be more sustainable than lengthier alternatives.

Reactions of propargylic alcohols with CO(2) in a [BMIm][PhSO(3)]/CuCl catalytic system to produce the corresponding alpha-methylene cyclic carbonates were conducted high yields. Mild reaction conditions, enhanced rates, improved yields, and recyclable ionic liquid catalyst systems are remarkable features exhibited this process. Furthermore, use large amounts tertiary amines as well nitrogen-containing organic solvent employed previously studies was avoided.

Four non-chloroaluminate acidic ionic liquids have been used as catalysts for Pechmann condensations of phenols under solvent-free conditions. SO3H-functionalized trifluoromethanesulfonate imidazolium liquid has proved to be the most active catalyst. Ionic loads low 5 mol % can leading high yields with activated at an oil bath temperature 80 °C. The acidities four also tested using Hammett method in dichloromethane. results are consistent their catalytic activities observed reaction...

Several carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions are catalyzed by a silica-supported scandium triflate catalyst combined with an ionic liquid. The combination of these two components creates hydrophobic reaction environment in water (see scheme; blue: water, yellow: substrate, orange: liquid). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z603070_s.pdf or from author. Please note: publisher not responsible content...

Direct etherification of glycerol with alkyl alcohols, olefins and dibenzyl ethers was successfully catalyzed by acid functionalized silica, allowing the first catalytic access to valuable monoalkyl glyceryl ethers.

Abstract Whereas the beneficial effect of water on reaction rate is decreased with an increase reactant′s hydrophobicity, we report here that use glycerol as solvent was able to considerably accelerate organic even starting from more hydrophobic substrates than those usually used water. Moreover, possibility directly using crude generated by biodiesel industry economically and environmentally improves interest solvent.

Glycerol was used, for the first time, as a green and effective promoting medium electrophilic activation of aldehydes, with which, catalyst-free system some reactions that conventionally carried out using acid catalysts, such synthesis di(indolyl)methanes, 3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-9-aryl-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione 1-oxo-hexahydroxanthenes, developed.