Despite their wide use in many fields, common dipolar aprotic solvents are urged to be replaced because of detrimental effects on health and environment. Therefore, green replacement strategies synthesis have been summarized.

Developing high-performance organic-inorganic ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) has attracted considerable attention. However, this development been hindered due to poor directional charge-transfer ratios in transport layers, excessive costs, and an ambiguous underlying mechanism. To tackle these challenges, we constructed a heterojunction of economic Mg-doped ZnO (MgZnO) nanorods poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS (P:P)] that utilizes dipole field-driven...

Three-component reactions of salicylaldehydes, 1,3-cyclohexanediones and a sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen-based nucleophile were developed, for the first time, by using L-proline as catalyst, which generated various substituted 4H-chromene derivatives in good to excellent yields. The performed ethanol under mild metal-free conditions. In these reactions, use catalyst was proven be key rendering possible because replacing with other acids bases resulted generation many side products. Many...

Abstract Many three‐component reactions of aromatic aldehydes with activated methylene derivatives and an associated nucleophile have been developed by using L ‐proline as the catalyst. Nucleophiles, such indoles, thiophenols, mercaptans, 2‐methylfuran benzenesulfinic acid, could be successfully used in while can 1,3‐cyclohexanedione, dimedone, 1,3‐cyclopentanedione, 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, 4,6‐dihydroxy‐2‐mercaptopyrimidine, 4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2quinolone,...

Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative thiolation using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant was developed. A variety of aromatic carboxylic acids including 2-nitrobenzoic acids, pentafluorobenzoic acid and several heteroaromatic undergo efficient to furnish aryl sulfides in moderate excellent yields.

Abstract Glycerol has proved to be an effective promoting medium for many multicomponent reactions of 1,3‐cyclohexanediones and formaldehyde. Styrenes, amines, 2‐naphthol, 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone 4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐quinolone could easily react with paraformaldehyde in glycerol under catalyst‐free conditions afford a variety complex skeletons fair excellent yields. In these reactions, not only showed significant effect on the reaction yields but also endowed system typical properties...

Many multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of 1,3-disubstituted 5-pyrazolones and formaldehyde were developed in environmentally benign solvent systems. Styrenes, vinylferrocene 2-phenylindoles could easily react, under solvent-free conditions or glycerol solvent, with paraformaldehyde the absence any catalyst to afford a variety complex skeletons moderate excellent yields. Particularly, these MCRs are proved be combinable synthesis from phenylhydrazines β-ketone esters carboxylic...

For the first time, gluconic acid aqueous solution (GAAS), a biobased weakly acidic liquid, was used as an effective promoting medium for organic reactions, such Michael addition of indoles to α,β-unsaturated ketones, electrophilic ring-opening reaction 3,4-dihydropyran with and Friedel–Crafts alkylation electron-rich aromatics benzyl alcohols. The concept using GAAS solvent reactions not only offers sustainable candidate progress in innovation, but also opens up new avenue utilization this...

The introduction of trifluoromethylthio groups into organic compounds, in particular heterocycles, is important because the prevalence these structures medicinally and agriculturally relevant molecules. Herein, silver-mediated oxidative decarboxylative trifluoromethylthiolation coumarin-3-carboxylic acids reported. This methodology utilizes existing carboxylic acid functionalities for direct conversion to CF3S results a broad scope 3-trifluoromethylthiolated coumarins, including analogues...

Abstract Replacing dipolar and aprotic solvents with environmentally benign media has emerged as a new facet of green chemistry. In this paper, sulfone‐containing imidazolium‐based Brønsted acid ionic liquid was prepared used recyclable catalyst. The catalyst enables the use an industrially acceptable solvent, butyl acetate, reaction medium. liquid/butyl acetate biphasic system successfully utilized in many organic reactions, which generally relied heavily on solvents. magnified image

Abstract A mixture of two bio‐based chemicals, meglumine and gluconic acid aqueous solution (GAAS, 50 wt%), was demonstrated to be a task‐specific solvent for performing the hydroxymethylation β‐ketosulfones with formaldehyde. The formed product could further react nucleophile, which allowed us develop some one‐pot, stepwise, three‐component reactions formaldehyde in this binary mixture. Particularly, two‐step, sequential four‐component reaction α‐bromo ketone, sodium benzenesulfinate,...

SUMMARY Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, is one of the top 100 most destructive invasive species worldwide due to its aggressive growth and strong adaptability. Here, we report an 8.04 Gb chromosome‐scale assembly R. with 88 chromosomes across eight homologous sets. Through combined phylogenetic genomic analysis, demonstrate that mixed auto‐/allooctoploid (AAAABBBB). Subgenome A (SubA) exhibited close relationship related Fallopia multiflora . We...

Abstract The selectivity of a three‐component electrophilic reaction an aldehyde with dimedone and another carbon‐based nucleophile could be improved by reversible alkylation procedure, which involves formation, breaking regeneration CC bonds. In the presence iron(III) chloride triphenylphosphine, analogous bond can observed in 2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐9‐(2‐hydroxy‐4,4‐dimethyl‐6‐oxo‐1‐cyclohexen‐1‐yl)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1 H ‐xanthen‐1‐one, fragment was replaced nucleophile. Inspired this observation,...

Abstract Acid‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with electrophilic alcohols, is known to be an effective CC bond forming reaction. However, until now, this reaction has not been amenable for α‐alkylation aryl methyl ketones because the notoriously low nucleophilicities these compounds. Therefore, ketone relies on precious metal catalysts and also, use primary alcohols mandatory. In study, we found that a system composed Fe(OTf) 3 catalyst chlorobenzene solvent...

Abstract Dipolar and aprotic solvents are often required in acid‐catalyzed reactions, however, many of them listed solvent selection guides as not‐recommended due to their toxicity or explosivity. A catalytically functionalized ionic liquid, namely a sulfone‐containing imidazolium‐based Brønsted acid was synthesized. It alleviates the detrimental effect classical dipolar because this liquid integrates function able stabilize carbocation intermediates activating strong on electrophiles. The...

A three-step process to synthesize quinaldic acids from furfural was established.

Abstract Catalysis by manganese chloride tetrahydrate was found to be effective for the selective transformation of indoles, with which desired acid‐catalyzed reaction could promoted and, at same time, a side that also needs assistance acid, electrophilic indole co‐existing keto carbonyl group, does not occur. Some reactions, such as ring‐opening 2‐alkoxy‐3,4‐dihydropyran indole, and transesterification β‐keto ester an alcohol contains C‐3 unsubstituted fragment, performed smoothly using...

Ring-opening reactions of 2-aryl-3, 4-dihydropyrans with nucleophiles were reported for the first time. A possible mechanism was also proposed. Finally, this method used in synthesis a novel tetrahydrocarbazole derivative that possesses biologically active skeleton.

Hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods were studied as two different for the synthesis of CeO2nanocatalysts. Co/CeO2 catalysts supported by 2, 4, 6, or 8wt% Co further synthesized through impregnation performance catalytic oxidation CO has been investigated. The highest specific surface area best was obtained catalyst 4wt% with CeO2 support hydrothermal method (4% Co/CeO2-h), which yielded 100% conversion at 130 °C. formation nanoparticles confirmed TEM analysis. XRD SEM-EDX mapping...

Abstract Nitromethane, a volatile and toxic organic compound, is commonly used as solvent for catalytic reactions. In order to find an alternative this specific nitro‐containing solvent, the performance of some nitro‐functionalized imidazolium salts such 1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(4‐ nitrobenzyl)imidazolium was examined in reactions including trimethylsilylation alcohols with...