A5038760921- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Climate change and permafrost
- Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Geophysical Methods and Applications
- Landslides and related hazards
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Radio Wave Propagation Studies
- Tree Root and Stability Studies
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
- Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Remote Sensing and Land Use
- Antenna Design and Analysis
- Antenna Design and Optimization
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
National Research Council
2005-2023
Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics
2008-2023
National Research Council
2014
Higher Institute for Artistic Industries Firenze
2013
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1986-2008
Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia
2002-2007
Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente
1990-2005
I.R.C.C.S. Oasi Maria SS
1993-2005
Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri
1992-2003
Joint Research Centre
2002
Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture has been an active area research since the 1970s but yet found little use in operational applications. Given recent advances retrieval algorithms and approval a dedicated satellite, it is time to re-assess potential various satellite systems provide information for hydrologic applications fashion. This paper reviews progress made with retrieving surface from three types microwave sensors – radiometers, Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs),...
The influence of the shape and dimensions plant constituents on backscattering agricultural vegetation is investigated. Multifrequency multitemporal polarimetric data, collected at C- L-bands by means airborne satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR), showed that relations between crops biomass depend type, there are different trends for "narrow" "broad" leaf crops. In latter crops, increases with an increase in biomass, especially L-band. This behavior typical media which scattering...
Polarimetric radar data collected by AIRSAR and SIR-C over agricultural fields, forests, olive groves of the Italian Montespertoli site are analyzed. The objective is to investigate capability in discriminating among various vegetation species its sensitivity arboreous biomass. Results indicate that a combined use P(0.45 GHz) L- (1.2 bands allows one discriminate between fields other targets, while C- (5.3 authors within areas. To monitor biomass, P-band gives best results for forests...
It is known that microwave emission for soil partially polarized, whereas the polarization degree of radiation from crops either very small or equal to zero. The effect vegetation on polarized analyzed by means a model based radiative transfer theory. A comparison between values predicted and experimental data obtained at 10 36 GHz shows particularly adequate corn GHz, in which case different leaf area index can be estimated. At changes rapidly as grows it possible distinguish only bare...
Microwave radiation from a canopy cover depends primarily on the vegetation's thermal and dielectric properties; latter are dependent plant biometrical parameters water content. Emission measurements carried out by means of ground-based X-and Ka-band radiometers have shown that crop coverage soil can be detected through spectral signatures bare vegetation. Moreover, measured brightness temperature radiative transfer theory for scattering medium allow estimation absorption properties canopy....
In this paper, we present an intercomparison of algorithms for retrieving soil moisture content (SMC) from ENVIronmental SATtellite (ENVISAT)/Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar images. The taken into consideration were a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) with two hidden layers, statistical approach based on Bayes' theorem, and iterative algorithm the nelder-mead direct-search method. comparison was carried out by using both simulated experimental data. Simulated data obtained means...
A comparative evaluation of the potential active and passive microwave sensors in estimating vegetation biomass soil moisture content is carried out. For this purpose, experimental data collected on an agricultural area by airborne scatterometers radiometers during AGRISCATT AGRIRAD 1988 campaigns have been used. The results show that both backscattering emission are sensitive to over a wide frequency range. Multifrequency observations seem offer good probabilities for separating leaf from...
Abstract. A systematic and timely monitoring of land surface parameters that affect the hydrological cycle at local global scales is primary importance in obtaining a better understanding geophysical processes managing environmental resources as well natural disasters. Soil moisture snow water equivalent are two quantities play major role these applications. In this paper an algorithm for purposes (called hereinafter HydroAlgo), which able to generate maps depth (SD) soil content (SMC) from...
Abstract The potential of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in monitoring soil and vegetation parameters is being evaluated extensive investigations, worldwide. A significant experiment on this subject, the Multi-sensor Airborne Campaign (MAC 91), was carried out summer 1991 several sites Europe, based NASA/JPL polarimetric (AIR-SAR). site Montespertoli (Italy) imaged three times during campaign at P-, L-, C-band different incidence angles between 20° 50°. Calibrated full data collected over...
Abstract The accuracy achievable in the surface soil moisture measurement of rough bare and vegetated soils, typical Italian landscape, has been investigated by using microwave experimental data collected means a multi-band sensor package (L, X, Ka infrared bands). thickness that mainly affects emission at three frequencies assessed. sensitivity L band to content layer about 5 cm thick confirmed, as well attenuation effect due roughness presence vegetation. A correction criterion based on...
The Antarctic plateau that extends for several hundred kilometers with an average altitude of close to 3000 m a.s.l. is the highest part east ice cap. This area provides unique opportunities various scientific disciplines, including glaciology and atmospheric earth sciences. In addition, there growing interest in using plateau, calibrating validating data satellite-borne microwave radiometers, thanks size, structure, spatial homogeneity this area, thermal stability deeper snow layers. paper,...
In this paper, we report the results of an experimental study aimed toward investigating microwave emission from forests. The experiment was carried out in 2006 on two forest stands poplar ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Populus alba)</i> and pine xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(Pinus italica</i> ), using ground-based radiometers at L-, C-, X-, Ku-, Ka-bands, H V polarizations. Measurements were performed different...
The sensitivity of bistatic scattering coefficient σ° to soil moisture content (SMC) and surface roughness was investigated by means model simulations the incoherent scattered fields performed with advanced integral equation (AIEM) second order small perturbation (SPM). study simulating on whole upper half space, for different values incident angles. achieved results, represented as maps a function azimuth zenith angles, were evaluated quality index which takes into consideration effect SMC...
Within the framework of European Space Agency (ESA) activities, several campaigns were carried out in last decade with purpose exploiting capabilities multifrequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to retrieve snow information. This article presents results obtained from ESA SnowSAR airborne campaigns, between 2011 and 2013 on boreal forest, tundra alpine environments, selected as representative different regimes. The aim this study was assess capability X- Ku-bands SAR retrieving...
The sensitivity of backscattering coefficient, measured by ERS-1 and JERS-1 radars, to vegetation biomass is discussed compared with the best results achieved using multifrequency polarimetric JPL-AIRSAR data. Experimental show that measurements JERS-1/L-band ERS-1/C-band SAR provide means for detecting growth. In particular, C-band signal ERS radar was found be very well correlated forest woody volume.
Multifrequency polarimetric scattering and emissivity measurements have been carried out on three experimental dielectric models, characterized by random surfaces with different statistics. The results of the compared simulations obtained through physical models based classical approximations optics (PO), geometrical (GO), small perturbation (SP), integral equation model (IEM). comparison data theory has shown that, even when parameters observed surface are well determined known, some...
Satellite data are the most suitable tools for monitoring time and spatial variations of snow covered areas studying characteristics on a global scale. Current knowledge microwave emission from deep ice sheet in Antarctica is limited by lack low-frequency satellite sensors their inadequate physical effects governing at wavelengths exceeding 5 cm. On other hand, addition to interest related climatic changes glaciological hydrological applications, there growing interest, part remote sensing...
Field measurements of microwave emission from snow-covered soil were carried out in 1996, 1997, and 1999 on the Italian Alps using a three-frequency dual polarized system. At same time, nivological time standard methods an electromagnetic contact probe. Collected data confirmed possibility separating wet dry snow estimating water equivalent snow. Simulations performed by means model based dense medium radiative theory (DMRT) able to reproduce experimental very well.
Microwave radiometric measurements using airborne instruments in a frequency range from L- to Ka-band were carried out over six broad-leaved and one coniferous forest stands Tuscany, Italy. Ground of the main tree parameters performed on same stands. The analysis collected data indicated that use microwave emission at highest frequencies makes it possible identify some types, whereas L-band is more closely related biomass. relationships between significant such as leaf area index, basal...
Abstract Radiometric features of vegetation from the X and Ka bands were investigated with ground-based radiometers in 1981–1983. Crops alfa-alfa, corn wheat. Microwave data have been compared physical conditions soil-plant-atmosphere continuum some biological parameters plants. Results these observations shown that difference between normalized temperatures is sensitive to type, while polarization index band seems be dependent on plant water conditions.
The analysis of experimental data collected by X-band SAR COSMO-SkyMed (CSK®) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) images on the same surface types has shown significant differences in signal level two sensors. In order to investigate possibility combining from instruments, a study was carried out comparing with similar orbital sensor parameters (e.g., incidence angle, polarization, look angle) at approximately date Italian agricultural test sites. Several homogenous fields within observed area common...
The capability of COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) in monitoring vegetation has been investigated this paper. SAR data from CSK were collected on two agricultural areas Italy 2010 to 2012, at different dates during the cycle. X-band have compared accurate ground truth measurements soil and parameters carried out simultaneously satellite passes. Significant sensitivity backscatter water content crops was observed. However, backscattering showed an opposite trend as a function biomass wheat sunflower, which...
Multi-frequency and multi-temporal polarimetric SAR measurements, carried out during SIR-C/X-SAR missions over the Montespertoli area have been analysed compared with data collected at same frequency polarization, but different dates, NASA/JPL AIRSAR. This paper presents an analysis of achieved results aiming evaluating contribution for estimating some geophysical parameters which play a significant role in hydrological processes particular soil moisture roughness. The study has pointed that...