A dual-band Multiple Input Output (MIMO) antenna with low mutual coupling is analyzed and studied for Fifth Generation (5G) Sub-6 GHz Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) 6E frequency-band applications. Each of the identical monopole radiators consists a rectangular patch, inverted-E, asymmetrical T-shaped strip to generate 5G Wi-Fi frequency bands. The deployment horizontally end-to-end separation 5mm makes compact an overall dimension <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

A compact quad-port multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with dual polarization is proposed. Each of the four elements features a modified rectangular radiator backed by partial ground plane and fed T-shaped microstrip line. The are interconnected an X-shaped strip isolated plus-shaped structure, resulting in over −18 dB isolation. With small footprint only 36 mm × 27 mm, exhibits 10 impedance bandwidth completely overlapping 3 axial-ratio 19.32% (7.90–9.59 GHz). Additionally, it...

Developments of wireless body area networks (WBANs) facilitate the pervasive health monitoring with mHealth applications. WBANs can support continuous for human in convenience and high efficiency without any intervention. The data care have characteristics various flows heterogeneous arrival rates, transmission which must be timeliness reliability, especially burst data. Moreover, energy-constraint nodes should provident energy consumption. Designing MAC protocols reliability is prime...

We propose to classify human activities based on transmission coefficient (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> ) and reflection xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> of on-body antennas with deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). It is shown that spectrograms S exhibit unique time-varying signatures for different body motion can be used classification purposes. DCNN, a learning approach, applied learn...

The characteristics of a nonline-of-sight on-body creeping wave are utilized to classify human motion activities. Creeping propagation around the torso nonmoving is reviewed. Its associated complex transmission data measured for six different activities on both male and female subjects. A dynamic time warping algorithm applied signal magnitude phase pattern recognition. study extended channels frequencies comparisons.

We propose to use the variation in input impedance of a single on-body antenna classify human activities. The reflection coefficients are shown exhibit unique time-varying features for various daily Employing seven subjects, six different activities measured by two placements at three operating frequencies. A dynamic time-warping algorithm is introduced find that classification accuracy can be as high 98% when placed on chest and operates 433 MHz. terms time-window size also presented discussed.

Global sea level rise is a major environmental concern for many countries and cities, particularly low-lying coastal areas where urban development threatened by the combined effects of land subsidence. This study employed an improved two-layer network Persistent Scatterers Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) technology to obtain high-precision subsidence in Singapore from 2015 2019. Landsat images 1973 2020 were also utilized extract changes Singapore’s coastline. Geological,...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a powerful tool for detecting and imaging targets in enclosed environments, such as tunnels underground garages. However, SAR performance degraded by multipath effects, which occur when electromagnetic waves are reflected obstacles, walls, interfere with the direct signal. This results formation of ghost images, obscure true target reduce image quality. To overcome this challenge, we propose novel method based on multi-angle observation. exploits fact that...

The concept of wireless body area network (WBAN) technology holds great potential for many applications such as continuous, remote healthcare monitoring. To develop a power-efficient and reliable wearable system, fundamental understanding the propagation medium must be developed. This letter investigates creeping wave transmission path loss phase delay horizontal vertical around human head from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. Measurements are compared numerical simulations theoretical model same scenario....

The ability to monitor various activities related the human head and neck is of critical importance medical professionals. Radio-based wireless body-area networks provide a potential method tracking motion patterns without compromising comfort or privacy users. This letter investigates feasibility using electromagnetic creeping wave propagation around neck-based motions. channel contains information regarding movements; therefore, it can be considered for activity classification. changes in...

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) can provide real-time and reliable health monitoring, attributing to the human-centered sensor interoperability properties. WBANs have become a key component of ubiquitous eHealth (electronic health) revolution that prospers on basis information communication technologies. The prime consideration in WBAN is how maximize network lifetime with battery-powered nodes energy constraint. Novel solutions Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are imperative...

Eight different driver head movements are measured using a millimeter-wave FMCW radar mounted in the dashboard of car. The micro-Doppler signatures converted into spectrogram image format for analysis and classification purposes. eight motions exhibit unique time-frequency profiles, which can be classified by deep learning algorithms. In this study, convolutional neural network is used to classify with an optimized window size. Various dataset permutations considered, such as effect width on...

Robotic automation in surgery requires precise tracking of surgical tools and mapping deformable tissue. Previous works on perception frameworks require significant effort developing features for tool tissue tracking. In this work, we overcome the challenge by exploiting deep learning methods perception. We integrated neural networks, capable efficient feature extraction, into reconstruction instrument pose estimation processes. By leveraging transfer learning, based approach minimal...

Physicians typically measure deep tendon reflexes visually, leading to ambiguity and disagreement over exact reflex classification. Millimeter-wave radar addresses this problem by providing an accurate, unambiguous measurement of limb motion features noncontact sensing for convenience patient comfort. Radar spectrograms closely match optical capture results, supporting radar's viability as a clinical assessment tool. This study analyzes data from 60 trials across four subjects. Six...

Electromagnetic wave propagation over a broad frequency band (300 MHz – 3 GHz) and within short ranges (<40 cm) was investigated for on-body wireless channel communications. Experimental modelling methods were used to examine two scenarios: along the body surface [line-of-sight (LOS)] around torso [non-LOS (NLOS)]. The LOS scenario modelled simply as an infinitely-large ground plane, NLOS finite-height cylinder. Homogeneous muscle tissue properties assumed both models. characteristics...

Progress in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has prospered the evolutions of ubiquitous E-healthcare. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) provide real-time reliable health monitoring which is crucial E-healthcare beyond conventional boundaries especially geographical sense, owing to human-centered sensor interoperability properties. However, development WBAN confined energy constraint nodes. In this paper, we propose an Energy-efficient Directional Approach Medium Access...

The study of electromagnetic wave propagation on human bodies in dynamic motion can yield valuable information toward the advancement wireless body area network technology. A model and simulation methodology is presented that simulates loss between on‐body transmitting receiving antennas during activities. Experiments volunteers performing activities complement approach. Motion capture data prescribes position over simulated frames activity. Measured transmission used for comparison...

We propose a unique approach to extract and visualize human respiration pulse rate using phase tracking mm-wave FMCW radar. This study focuses on simultaneous measurement of three test subjects arranged with diverse range azimuth positions in the radar view. aim Texas Instruments A WR1642™ DCA1000EVM™ assembly toward measure waveform delay across time. then employ short-time Fourier transform overlapping windows create spectrogram images from which vital signs can be interpreted vision or...

In the field of positioning measurement, a combination complex components, stringent environment, and time-consuming calibration are main limitations. To address these issues, this paper presents deep learning-based methodology, which integrates image processing with nanomanufacturing technology. Non-periodic microstructure nanoscale resolution is fabricated to provide surface pattern. The advantage proposed its unlimited measurement range. A residual neural network used for pattern...

Along with the increase of people's urge for health care, e-health, as a term healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication, attracts more attentions. Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) built on IEEE 802.15.6 is an excellent solution e-health account its medical applications. Extensive researches Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol in WBAN put emphasis single channel. This may result inevitable interference bring channel collision energy inefficiency. In addition,...

ABSTRACT The propagation of creeping waves on the human body is investigated. Both constants and decay are extracted from measurements using ESPRIT algorithm. results compared to on‐body wave theory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:868–871,

This paper presents a study on the creeping wave characteristics of N78 and N79 sub-6GHz 5G frequency bands. Wait's theory was used to predict characteristics, which were then validated through simulations measurements. The involved moving receiver antenna in counterclockwise direction human torso with circumference 94 cm while keeping transmitter fixed. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) analysis conducted for both front part entire torso. theoretical simulation results showed an exponential...

A wideband, conformal, and wearable antenna designed for 4G/5G wireless communication is proposed. The 3D-printed antenna, which uses coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding, printed on the front side of a 1.75mm thick flexible Polyflex dielectric material. proposed resonates at 2.65 3.70 GHz, resulting in wideband impedance bandwidth 65.23% (2.19 - 4.31 GHz) due to merging these two resonances. was fabricated using LulzBot 3-D printer tested −10 dB free space human body. Its robustness also...