3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) rates of formation were used, respectively, to assess the dynamics dopamine (DA) release turnover in rat frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, striatum. Assuming total (re)uptake metabolism released DA are relatively uniform among three brain regions, a simplified two pool model was used metabolic fate DA. Under basal conditions, 3-MT found comprise > 60% (sum plus DOPAC formation) not more than 15% accumbens Haloperidol...

To evaluate ongoing metabolic changes during a 48-h competitive run and recovery period, with focus on potential health risks exemplified by heart skeletal muscle damage biomarkers oxidative stress-related indices.Blood samples were taken before the race, after 12, 24, 48 h of running, 24 from male amateur runners (N = 7, age 35-59 years, VO2max mean ± SD 57.0 4.0 ml kg(-1) min(-1), total distance covered 183-320 km). The analyzed for morphology, acid-base electrolyte balance, iron status,...

Over the last three decades, dynamically evolving research using novel technologies, including virtual environments (VEs), has presented promising solutions for neuroscience and neuropsychology. This article explores known potential benefits drawbacks of employing modern technologies diagnosing treating developmental disorders, exemplified by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD's complex nature is ideal illustrating advantages disadvantages digital world. While VEs' possibilities remain...

The effects of neonatal excitotoxic ventral hippocampus (VH) lesions on dopamine release in response to repeated stress (saline injections) and chronic haloperidol treatment were investigated Sprague-Dawley rats infused with ibotenic acid or vehicle into the VH day 7 postnatal life (PD7). Beginning PD35, lesioned sham-operated injected i.p. saline (INJ) once daily for 3 weeks not treated (NO INJ). Another cohort was given (HAL, 0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) beginning PD35 thereafter weeks....

Propensity for drug dependence shows great diversity that is related to intrinsic neurobiological factors. This important both the understanding of these traits and development therapies. The goals study were (1) define, using ultrasonic vocalization characteristics, inter-individual differences in rats' propensity sensitization amphetamine, (2) test whether possible resistance this effect could be overcome with repetitive treatment, (3) seek useful predictors propensity. Rats subject tests...

This study was aimed at evaluation of changes in activities selected antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reductase) contents key nonenzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, protein thiol groups, α- γ-tocopherols) the left heart ventricle young male Wistar rats subjected to endurance training (treadmill running, 1 h daily, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks) or/and testosterone propionate treatment (8 or 80 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly, once during...

The study was aimed at comparing the effects of concentric (CONC) and eccentric (ECC) exercises equivalent (in terms relative work load expressed as a percentage VO2max) moderate intensity on selected blood cytokine levels creatine kinase (CK) activity. Twenty recreationally active healthy young male volunteers were randomized between two groups that performed single 1 h bout CONC (uphill running) or ECC (downhill exercise 60% respective individual VO2max. Venous taken before, end, 24 after...

The effects of single‐dose regimens amphetamine, cocaine, nomifensine and GBR 12909 on the dynamics dopamine (DA) release metabolism were evaluated in frontal cortex, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens striatum. selected are known to produce substantial behavioural effects. 3‐Methoxytyramine (3MT) 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) rates formation used assess DA by catechol‐ O ‐methyltransferase monoamine oxidase respectively. rate 3MT was as an index synaptic DA. ratio sum, respectively,...

Abstract: Formation of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) from dopamine has been hypothesized to mediate neuro‐degeneration induced by some psychostimulants. Although the emergence a 6‐OHDA‐like substance was reported in striatum methamphetamine‐treated rats, this not identified direct approach. We used mass fragmentography search for 6‐OHDA rat frontal cortex and after administration number drugs including 3,4‐dihy‐droxyphenyl‐L‐alanine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, cocaine, all which increase...

Abstract: Changes in the tissue levels of 3‐methoxytyramine (3‐MT), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic (HVA), and dopamine frontal cortex, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, striatum were evaluated after 0.5‐4 h footshock (2 mA, for 3 s every 30 ± 5 s) Fischer rats. 3‐MT, DOPAC, HVA four brain areas peaked at 0.5 most cases returned to baseline values within 4 h. No changes found levels. Repeated stress was by administering 10 sessions (0.5 h, two per day days). At end 10th...

Abstract Rats with excitotoxic neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL) manifest in early adulthood a variety of behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities mimicking those seen patients schizophrenia. Some these aberrations implicate malfunction the midbrain dopamine systems. We studied NVHL effects on release rat frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, striatum during acute stress caused by inescapable continuous footshock (0.45 mA). Serum total corticosterone prolactin levels were used as...

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Interferon (IFN)β treatment is a mainstay of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) immunotherapy. Its efficacy supposedly consequence impaired trafficking inflammatory cells into the central nervous system and modification proinflammatory/antiinflammatory cytokine balance. However, effects long-term monotherapy using various IFNβ preparations on profiles relevance these for therapy outcome have not yet been elucidated....

Our previous studies showed promise for using sensitization of the frequency-modulated 50-kHz vocalization response to amphetamine (AMPH) as an index rat vulnerability AMPH addiction.This study aimed test utility sensitizing (FM) in self-administration paradigm well ability N-acetylcysteine prevent relapse.Rats were subjected so-called two-injection protocol (TIPS) and categorized low-sensitized callers (LCTIPS) or high-sensitized (HCTIPS) based on individual outcomes. Then, they given 44...

In some countries, anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse is rampant among adolescent boys and young men, including of those seeking physical fitness and/or pleasing appearance through various exercise types. This tactic carries the risk severe harmful health effects, liver injury. Most stacking protocols employed are based on use ‘prototypic’ testosterone its esters. There a vast body data effects steroids’ combined with training antioxidant barrier in adult subjects, whereas concerning...