The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as one the key features next-generation wireless networks, where timely delivery status update packets is essential for many real-time IoT applications. Age Information (AoI) a new metric to measure freshness update. reduction violation probability that AoI updates exceeds given age constraint great significance guaranteeing information in systems. By modeling networks M/M/1 and M/D/1 queuing systems, this work focuses on characterizing peak sensor...

High speed railways (HSRs) have been deployed widely all over the world in recent years. Different from traditional cellular communication, its high mobility makes it essential to implement power allocation along time. In HSR case, transmission rate depends greatly on distance between base station (BS) and train. As a result, train receives time varying data service when passing by BS. It is clear that most efficient will spend nearest BS, which cause great unfairness On other hand, channel...

We consider cluster-based routing protocols for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. Since the process does not match real demand, nodes suffer from occasional shortages, especially when they serve as cluster head (CH) nodes. To address this problem, we propose a protocol referred to distance-and-energy-aware with reservation (DEARER). The DEARER encourages high energy-arrival rate or being close sink CH Also, allows non-CH reserve portion of harvested future use. In doing so, selects...

For a two-way relay network (TWRN) with three nodes, we discuss the performance optimization of digital coding (DNC) and physical (PNC) schemes under energy harvesting (EH) constraints peak power constraints. We also consider transfer between which is referred to as co-operation. To find maximal achievable performance, first case offline scheduling, formulate corresponding problems, optimal solutions, well present some useful theoretical properties on optimality. Then move online propose...

We consider a two-way data exchanging system where master node transfers energy and packets to slave alternatively. The harvests the transferred performs information transmission as long it has sufficient for current block, i.e., according best-effort policy. examine freshness of received at in terms age (AoI), which is defined time elapsed after generation latest packet. derive average uplink AoI rate functions downlink closed form. obtained results illustrate performance limit unilaterally...

In this article, we consider an Internet of Things (IoT) system in which a sensor delivers updates to monitor with exponential service time and first-come-first-served (FCFS) discipline. We investigate the freshness received propose new metric termed as age upon decisions (AuD), is defined elapsed from generation each update epoch it used make (e.g., estimations, inferences, controls). Within framework, aim at improving decision epochs by scheduling arrival process decision-making process....

We consider an Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensing system, in which energy harvesting powered sensor observes the phenomenon interest and transmits its observations to a remote monitor through Gaussian channel. Based on received signals, makes estimations source signals with some distortion requirement. measure timeliness recovered using Age Information (AoI), could be reduced by transmitting more frequently (i.e., shorter intervals). evaluate recovery mean-squared-error (MSE) metric,...

To meet the surging demand for throughput, 5G cellular networks need to be more heterogeneous and much denser, by deploying small cells. In particular, number of users in each cell can change dramatically due users' mobility, resulting random time varying uplink interference. This paper considers interference a network which is jointly covered one macro several Based on L\'{e}vy flight moving model, mobility-aware model proposed characterize from users. this total characterized its moment...

Message importance measure (MIM) is an important index to describe the message in scenario of big data. Similar Shannon Entropy and Renyi Entropy, MIM proposed characterize uncertainty a random process some related statistical characteristics. Moreover, also needs highlight those events with relatively small occurring probabilities, thereby especially applicable data scenario. In this paper, we define parametric from viewpoint information theory then investigate its properties. We present...

Abstract To provide stable and high data rate wireless access for passengers in the train, it is necessary to properly deploy base stations along railway. We consider this issue from perspective of service, which defined as integral time‐varying instantaneous channel capacity. With large‐scale fading assumption, will be shown that total service each station inversely proportional velocity train. Besides, we find if ratio provided by a its region given, interval (i.e., distance between two...

We consider the on-time transmissions of a sequence packets over fading channel. Different from traditional in-time communications, we investigate how many can be received <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math></inline-formula> -on-time, meaning that packet is around an expected slot with deviation no larger than slots. In this framework, first derive reception rate random...

Fog computing is attracting more and attention to the next-generation wireless communication systems. In this paper, we consider such a mobile edge scenario where fog node user exchange their data in two-way manner only has constant power supply. particular, performs energy transfer when it not transmitting information an harvesting capability. For scenario, investigate timeliness of between terms age (AoI) derive closed-form average AoI for both directions, as well achievable rate user. We...

In the paper, we study service process $S(t)$ of an independent and identically distributed (\textit{i.i.d.}) Nakagami-$m$ fading channel, which is defined as amount provided, i.e., integral instantaneous channel capacity over time $t$. By using Characteristic Function (CF) approach infinitely divisible law, it proved that, other than certain generally recognized curve form {or a stochastic process}, deterministic linear function $t$, namely, $S(t)=c_m^\ast\cdot t$ where $c_m^\ast$ constant...

Message importance measure (MIM) is applicable to characterize the of information in scenario big data, similar entropy theory. In fact, MIM with a variable parameter can make an effect on characterization distribution. Furthermore, by choosing appropriate MIM, it possible emphasize message certain probability element Therefore, parametric play vital role anomaly detection data focusing anomalous event. this paper, we propose selection method and then present its major properties. addition,...

To facilitate the base station planning in high speed railway communication systems, it is necessary to consider functional relationships between transmit power and space parameters such as train velocity cell radius. Since these functions are able present some inherent system properties determined by its spatial topology, they will be referred power-space this paper. In light of fact that line-of-sight path persists most received signal each passing train, paper considers average...

We consider a two-way data exchanging system consisting of an access point and smart device. The has constant power supply the device does not. simultaneously transmits information energy to over block fading channels, with fixed powers ρ̅Pt ρPt, respectively. receives at same time, stores harvested in buffer. Upon collecting enough energy, performs one transmission immediately. investigate timeliness efficiency terms age (AoI) rate, also trade-off between downlink communications uplink by...

In this paper, we consider a two-way relay with multirelays. We first review the joint decoding (JD), by parts (DP), bit-level exclusive-or (XOR), and superposition coding (SC) schemes for decode-and-forward (TWDR), then propose new TWDR selection scheme two mentioned methods. particular, focus on outage performance analysis of strategy using aforementioned Based an approximate in high signal-to-noise ratio, present diversity-multiplexing tradeoff considered schemes. Moreover, optimal power...

We consider an M/M/1 update-and-decide system where Poisson distributed decisions are made based on the received updates. propose to characterize freshness of updates at decision epochs with Age upon Decisions (AuD). Under first-come-first-served policy (FCFS), closed form average AuD is derived. show that determined by arrival rate and service rate, independent rate. Thus, merely increasing does not improve timeliness decisions. Nevertheless, can decrease efficiently.

We consider the capacity region of a K-user multiple-access channel (MAC) with energy harvesting transmitters. Each user stores and schedules randomly arriving using an buffer. Users can also perform cooperation by transmitting to other users or receiving from them. derive this show that: 1) coincides that traditional Gaussian MAC cooperation, where average power constraints equal battery recharging rates case 2) each rate on boundary be achieved save-and-forward control fixed policy.

We consider an Internet-of-Things (IoT) system in which a sensor observes phenomenon of interest with exponentially distributed intervals and delivers updates to monitor random service times. At the monitor, received are used make decisions deterministic or intervals. For this system, we investigate freshness at decision epochs using age upon (AuDs) metric. With first-come-first-served (FCFS) policy, theoretical results show that: 1) when made intervals, average AuD is smaller time (e.g.,...

We consider a wireless sensor network in which all the nodes wish to spread their updates over using CSMA/CA protocol. investigate age of information spreading process from transmitter perspective, is referred as broadcast (BAoI). To be specific, BAoI latest update successfully broadcasted one-hop neighbors node, and thus suitable measure rapidity process. establish an equivalent transmission model by deriving probability collision nodes. With this model, we then present average explicitly....

In this paper, we consider a wireless sensor network in which N nodes deliver the observed information of interest to remote receiver by competing for sharing channel through Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol or slotted ALOHA protocol. For network, evaluate freshness two random multiple access protocols using age (AoI) metric. order explicitly express average AoI CSMA/CA based establish an equivalent and tractable transmission model probabilities...