The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as one the key features next-generation wireless networks, where timely delivery status update packets is essential for many real-time IoT applications. Age Information (AoI) a new metric to measure freshness update. reduction violation probability that AoI updates exceeds given age constraint great significance guaranteeing information in systems. By modeling networks M/M/1 and M/D/1 queuing systems, this work focuses on characterizing peak sensor...

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) have stringent requirements on quality-of-service network availability. Due to path loss shadowing, it is very challenging guarantee the of URLLC with satisfactory communication range. In this paper, we first provide a quantitative definition availability in short blocklength regime: probability that reliability latency can be satisfied when channel codes short. Then, establish framework maximize available range, defined as maximal...

This paper considers the placement of unmanned aerial vehicle base stations (UAV-BSs) with criterion minimum UAV-recall-frequency (UAV-RF), indicating energy efficiency mobile UAVs networks. Several different power consumptions, including signal transmit power, on-board circuit and for mobility, ground user density are taken into account. Instead conventional empirical stochastic models, this utilizes a pattern formation system to track instable non-ergodic time-varying nature density. We...

With the emergence of mobile edge computing (MEC), users are able to process various tasks by offloading large-computation-demanding MEC server located at network. As computation requires communication between and server, an efficient scheme which decreases both task executive delay transmission energy consumption plays a key role in MEC. Motivated this, we study novel system where can offload or distributed node (DCN). users' affects each other, show that decision-making problem be...

Wireless energy transfer, namely RF-based harvesting, is a potential way to prolong the lifetime of energy-constrained devices, especially in wireless sensor networks. However, due huge propagation attenuation, its efficiency regarded as biggest bottleneck widely applications. It critical find appropriate transmission policies improve global this kind systems. To end, paper focuses on networks scenario, where mobile control center powers sensors by RF signal and also collects information...

Full-duplex relaying has the potential to improve spectral efficiency (SE) of cooperative communication systems. Due residual self-interference (RSI), increase relay power does not always contribute SE improvement. To fully utilize full-duplex in communications, effect RSI on achieved by different schemes need be investigated. In this paper, we study bounds channel with decode-forward (DF) relaying, compress-forward (CF) and amplify-forward (AF) presence RSI. For respective schemes, optimal...

In 5G heterogeneous networking, it is promising to integrate different wireless networks provide higher data rate. This paper models the integrated system as a receiver frequency division relay channel (RFDRC) and studies how improve transmission rate by combining decode-forward (DF), compress-forward (CF), amplify-forward (AF) schemes. First, we establish clear criterions on select scheme among DF, CF, AF schemes prove that CF outperforms for all possible configurations. Based selection...

We consider a two-way data exchanging system where master node transfers energy and packets to slave alternatively. The harvests the transferred performs information transmission as long it has sufficient for current block, i.e., according best-effort policy. examine freshness of received at in terms age (AoI), which is defined time elapsed after generation latest packet. derive average uplink AoI rate functions downlink closed form. obtained results illustrate performance limit unilaterally...

In this article, we consider an Internet of Things (IoT) system in which a sensor delivers updates to monitor with exponential service time and first-come-first-served (FCFS) discipline. We investigate the freshness received propose new metric termed as age upon decisions (AuD), is defined elapsed from generation each update epoch it used make (e.g., estimations, inferences, controls). Within framework, aim at improving decision epochs by scheduling arrival process decision-making process....

In this paper, we investigate vehicular fog computing system and develop an effective parallel offloading scheme. The service time, that addresses task delay, decomposition handover cost, is adopted as the metric of performance. We propose available resource-aware based scheme, which decides target nodes by RSU for computation jointly considering effect vehicles mobility time-varying capability. Based on Hidden Markov model chain theories, proposed scheme effectively handles imperfect state...

The rapid development of the Internet Vehicles (IoV) enables various vehicular applications, such as image-aided navigation and traffic information management. It is important to provide efficient content delivery services for these applications. Caching popular at roadside units (RSUs) a promising way improve efficiency. However, due RSUs with limited cache space, it very challenging develop an effective policy that satisfies high quality service (QoS) requirements In this paper, we...

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has the capability to reconstruct radio environment of wireless channels, which can alleviate interference in spectrum-sharing system (SSS). In this article, current research directions RIS-aided SSS and proposed methods joint optimization about passive beamforming RIS active access points are summarized analyzed obtain good insight into technique. improve spectral efficiency (SE) energy (EE) even complicated scenarios, such as coexisting with...

We study the average Age of Information (AoI) and peak AoI (PAoI) a dual-queue status update system that monitors common stochastic process through two independent channels. Although double queue parallel transmission is instrumental in reducing AoI, out order data arrivals also imposes significant challenge to performance analysis. consider settings: M-M where service time servers exponentially distributed; M-D which one server distributed other deterministic. For systems, closed-form...

Abundant real-time applications over Internet of Things (IoT) have imperative demands on timely information. Compared to average Age Information (AoI), distribution AoI characterizes the timeliness in more details. This article studies an IoT-based multisource status update system. By modeling system as a M/G/1/1 bufferless preemptive queue, general formulas violation probabilities and probability density functions (p.d.f.s) PAoI are derived based time-domain approach. For case with...

3D High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) is an extension of the HEVC standard for coding multiview videos and depth maps. It inherits same quadtree structure as both components, which allows recursively splitting into four equal-sized units (CU). One 11 different prediction modes chosen to code a CU in inter-frames. Similar joint model H.264/AVC, mode decision process HM (reference software HEVC) performed using all possible levels find one with least rate distortion cost Lagrange...

A 16 ×16 -element reconfigurable transmitarray antenna (RTA) is designed and experimented in this paper. The proposed element consists of a receiving (Rx) structure transmitting (Tx) structure. rectangular patch with C-shaped probe-fed as the Tx to obtain characteristics broad bandwidth low loss, where U-shaped slot Rx simple Two PIN diodes are symmetrically integrated on feeding line. By turning them ON or OFF simultaneously, induced current directions reversed, thus achieving two phase...

This work investigates a remote status updating system where the transmission process is modeled as multi-stream M/G/1/1 non-preemptive system. We derive closed-form expression of average AoI each stream in heterogeneous case, distributions service time are different for streams. To obtain more insights, we apply results homogeneous system, identical, and find that preemption packets would not always lead to reduction AoI, especially when variance coefficient small. further optimize...

This paper considers a novel algorithmic framework for the joint spectral sharing design of colocated MIMO pulse radar and communication system under signal direction mismatch, wherein both transceiver transmitter designs are investigated, mutual information (MI) is maximized number constraints to suppress interference coexistence system. The designed multi-variate formulation non-convex, an iterative procedure derived compute sequence simpler sub-problems which admit low complexity...

A low-profile wide-angle reconfigurable transmitarray antenna (RTA) is proposed in this communication. This RTA consists of a feeding antenna, phase transforming lens, and 1 bit phase-reconfigurable transmitting (PRTA). The composed 12 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> slot array fed by 36-way waveguide power divider, which possesses the characteristics...

A 2-bit electronically planar reconfigurable array antenna (PRAA) at Ku band is presented in this letter. The proposed PRAA element employs the hybrid phase control method to realize reconfiguration of its radiation structure and feeding structure. designed as a O-slot patch integrated with two p-i-n diodes obtain 1-bit quantization. To ability, digital shifter additional 90° shifting. Then, 4 × 4-element subarray simulated, which fed by using an asymmetric 16-way stripline network. 2-D beam...

Blokchain is a promising technology to enable distributed and reliable data sharing at the network edge. The high security in blockchain undoubtedly critical factor for handle important item. On other hand, according dilemma blockchain, an overemphasis on will lead poor transaction-processing capability, which limits application of scenarios with high-throughput low-latency requirements. To demand-oriented services, this paper investigates relationship between capability from perspective...

Emerging applications in industrial Internet of things (IIoT) pursue ultra-reliability, low-latency, and high data rate. While majority the industries are remote areas, capability distant ultra-reliable low-latency communication (uRLLC) has become one key performance indices IIoT which we need to make a breakthrough. relaying provides intuitive solution for improving distance, introduction relay uRLLC intensifies conflict between reliability further deteriorates throughput relaying-based...