This paper considers the placement of unmanned aerial vehicle base stations (UAV-BSs) with criterion minimum UAV-recall-frequency (UAV-RF), indicating energy efficiency mobile UAVs networks. Several different power consumptions, including signal transmit power, on-board circuit and for mobility, ground user density are taken into account. Instead conventional empirical stochastic models, this utilizes a pattern formation system to track instable non-ergodic time-varying nature density. We...

Liquid cooling (LC) performs better than various other technologies for battery thermal management (BTM) in electric vehicles (EVs), attributed to its high efficiency and low power consumption. However, the LC system cylindrical lithium-ion batteries (CLIBs) has been scarcely designed studied from perspective of BTM unitization. In present work, a solution unitization-based with novel distributed water-cooling component was proposed. Then, COMSOL software, multi-physical-field model...

In the field of abrasive-water-jet polishing technology, influence nozzle geometry on wear and internal-structure erosion in technology is studied, design optimized through experiments a numerical simulation to improve stability efficiency abrasive jet. The mathematical model between cross-sectional area dimensionless length established, as well variation static pressure nozzle. Through Fluent simulation, it found that when 12 mm, abrasive-phase acceleration sufficient intensity minimal....

Proper 3D placement of unmanned aerial vehicle mounted base stations (UAV-BSs) can effectively prolong the life-time mobile ad hoc network, since UAVs are usually powered by batteries. This paper involves on-board circuit consumption power and considers optimal that minimizes UAV-recall- frequency (UAV-RF), which is defined to characterize this kind network. Theoretical results show vertical horizontal dimensions be decoupled. That is, hovering altitude proportional coverage radius UAVs,...

Providing stable and fast data transmission service is challenging in a high mobility wireless communication system, where massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming deemed as potential solution. In the literature, majority of previous works focused on how to optimize scheme with traditional side information like perfect or imperfect channel state (CSI) non-mobile low scenarios. However, it hard either track obtain CSI scenario without large online computation, because appears...

In ultra-precision polishing tests, due to the corrosive and adhesive properties of abrasive, spray system faces wear, blockage oxidation problems. To solve these problems, this paper studied nozzles verified wear mechanism coated uncoated by simulating operating conditions after assembling system. early stages experiment, speed (v = 10 L/min), feed rate (vf 7.8 mm/min) pressure (2~3.5 MPa) were maintained. The surface morphology features in each case analyzed Hitachi S-3400N electron...

Internet-of-Things (IoT) will connect billions of smart devices and generate inundant data through prominent solutions, such as machine type communication. The Third Generation Partnership Project has launched the corresponding standards for multiple heterogeneous wireless in long term evolution (LTE)/LTE-advanced. In forthcoming years, valuable information hidden deluge be extracted utilized every field to improve quality efficiency. However, bottleneck realizing this magnificent vista...

High-mobility adaption and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) application are two primary evolving objectives for the next generation high-speed train (HST) wireless communication system. In this paper, we consider how to design a location-aware beamforming MIMO system in high traffic density HST network. We first analyze tradeoff between beam directivity beamwidth, based on which present sensitivity analysis of positioning accuracy. Then, order guarantee efficient transmission,...

In the long-term evolution for railway, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is adopted to provide seamless connection existing ground cellular network and support high mobility communication in future 5G. However, due velocity of high-speed railway (HSR), channel fast time-varying serious intercarrier interference (ICI) introduced, meaning that low-complexity real-time ICI reduction methods are needed, which has not been well discussed previous works. this paper, we focus on...

High mobility may destroy the orthogonality of subcarriers in OFDM systems, resulting inter-carrier interference (ICI), which greatly reduce service quantity high speed railway (HSR) wireless communications. This paper focuses on ICI mitigation HSR downlinks with distributed transmit antennas. In such a system, its key feature is that ICIs are caused by multiple carrier frequency offsets corresponding to Meanwhile, channel fast time varying, another big challenge system design. order get...

Most of natural water-soluble polymers are difficult to electrospin due their specific chain conformation in aqueous solution, which limits applications. This study investigated the effects polyethylene oxide (PEO) on electrospinning hyaluronic acid (HA) HA/PEO solutions. The rheological properties solutions showed polymer entanglement HA was essential factor affecting its electrospinnability. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry analyses a PEO crystal different...

The booming development of high speed railway (HSR) in recent years triggers a rapidly growing demand high-quality wireless communication, which at the meantime motivates great research interest providing reliable and data rate communication scenarios. To continuously explore nature character HSR scenario, this paper mainly aims to investigate reliability instantaneous capacity multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system through taking full advantage diversity gain positioned-based channel...

In this paper, we present a practical simple location-aided umbrella-shaped beamforming scheme with transmit diversity of massive Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) system for high speed railway scenarios. Unlike conventional schemes which combines space-time block coding (STBC) adaptive or orthogonal switched beamforming, our needs neither uplink channel covariance matrix (UCCM) nor downlink CCM (DCCM) but precalculates the weights help train location information, can be completed...

Particle diameters and jet pressure in abrasive water (AWJ) are significant properties which deserve a better understanding for improving AWJ machining performance. Some influence factors have been verified regarding nozzle wear polishing application. A three-dimensional model of is established to analyze the internal multi-phase flow field distribution, based on Euler-Lagrange methodology. With increase pressure, erosion rate decreases; with diameter mass particles, speed increases as well....

Massive Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) adaption is one of the primary evolving objectives for next generation high speed train (HST) communication system. In this paper, we consider how to design an efficient low-complexity location-aware beamforming multi-user (MU) massive MIMO system in HST scenario. We first put forward a lowcomplexity based on location information, where multiple users are considered. Then, without considering interbeam interference, closed-form solution maximize...

In high-speed railway communication systems, the distributed antenna systems are usually employed to mitigate frequent handover and enhance signal-to-noise ratio receivers. this case, jointly optimizing downlink power allocation with selection (PAWAS) can system energy efficiency, while channel state traffic density taken into account. Besides, two typical kinds of terrains sparse rich scatterings three patterns including delay-sensitive, -insensitive, hybrid traffics investigated in paper....

The Nakagami-m fading is well known in characterizing the envelop distribution diverse wireless channels, and an accurate estimation of m parameter very crucial to evaluate channel capacity. In this paper, we develop a hardware framework implanted FPGA with corresponding interface design for channel. Owing advantages high-speed calculation, real-scenario flexible system design, newly developed can efficiently estimate real value actual data base over large frequency range. Moreover, it be...

In the downlink of high-speed railway communication systems equipped with distributed transmit antennas, high mobility leads to fast time-varying received signal noise ratios. this case, dynamic time-domain power allocation and antenna selection could be jointly optimized improve system energy efficiency. This paper considers problem in such a simple way where switching between multiple-input-multiple-output single-input-multiple-output is allowed exclusively utilized, while sparse...

SnO 2 and TiO have attracted the most attention due to their unique chemical electrical properties in basic research of functional materials applied materials. The performance composite oxide or solid solution material is better than that monomer oxide. Therefore, ?TiO system has become one active studied at home Abroad. A large number reports shown a certain proportion can obtain best gas-sensitive performance, but this great relationship with crystal structure process conditions...

The purification and collection of various products from oil/water mixtures are routine procedures. However, the presence emulsifiers that can displace other surface active components in significantly influence efficiency such Previously, we investigated interfacial mechanisms zein protein-induced emulsification opposing surfactant-induced demulsification related to corn oil refinement. In this paper, further a different class protein, glutelin, inside proved glutelin acts as an emulsifier...

High-mobility adaption and massive Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) application are two primary evolving objectives for the next generation high speed train communication system. In this paper, we consider how to design a location-aware beam-forming MIMO system.We first analyze tradeoff between beam directivity beamwidth, based on which present sensitivity analysis of positioning accuracy. Then, derive maximum corresponding beamwidth under restriction diverse accuracies guarantee...

Properly 3D placement of unmanned aerial vehicle mounted base stations (UAV-BSs) can effectively prolong the life-time mobile ad hoc network, since UAVs are usually powered by batteries. This paper involves on-board circuit consumption power and considers optimal that minimizes UAV-recall-frequency (UAV-RF), which is defined to characterize this kind network. Theoretical results show vertical horizontal dimensions UAV be decoupled. That is, hovering altitude proportional coverage radius...