Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) is threatening banana production worldwide. Despite quarantine efforts, the pathogen continues to spread; thus, early diagnosis plays an essential role for proper execution of contingency plans. Here, we assess accuracy four PCR-based molecular methods described in literature identification and detection race strains, including Subtropical STR4) causing wilt banana. We screened a total 302 isolates using these markers, performed...

Cacao cultivation is one of the main agricultural products Ecuador, known internationally for its quality and aroma. However, it affected by fungal diseases including Moniliophthora roreri, perniciosa, Phytophthora spp., Colletotrichum spp. The genus characteristics that complicate traditional taxonomic identification. In cacao cultivation, most frequently found species as an endophyte leaves fruits, yet also reported to cause disease anthracnose on fruits. objective this work was identify...

The xylanolytic potential of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves Theobroma cacao was explored for the first time. Four fungal strains showed significant amounts xylanase activity and low cellulase levels when grown on wheat bran as sole carbon source. Strain Ec220 Fusarium graminearum had highest production (1.79 U/ml), whereas its minimal (0.24 U/ml). Optimal conditions were: 154 h incubation time, pH 5.79 29.8 °C. Furthermore, two protein spots detected by two-dimensional gel...

Ecuador is one of the major cocoa producers worldwide, but its productivity has lately been affected by diseases. Endophytic biocontrol agents have used to minimize pathogenic effects; however, compounds produced endophytes are minimally understood. This work presents chemical characterization Trichoderma species extracts that proved inhibition against pathogens. Solid-liquid extraction was performed as a partitioning method using medium with fungal mycelia reesei (C2A), sp. (C3A), harzianum...

Phytopathogenic nematodes are a threat for agriculture, they cause plant diseases and economic losses worldwide. Currently, the pursuit of compounds biological origin nematode biocontrol has become priority as an environmentally friendly alternative. Microorganisms-derived have several strategies to reduce populations infectious juvenile nematodes. Although microorganisms their metabolites focus literature reports reviews on nematicidal control, interactions between fungi, bacteria,...

Fusarium wilt of Banana (FWB) caused by oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) poses a significant threat to the banana industry, with current inadequate control measures. This study evaluated antifungal potential nine Streptomyces strains isolated from Antarctic soil samples, using Casein-Starch media stimulate production compounds. The inhibition spectrum against Foc was assessed under laboratory conditions well diffusion on Mueller-Hinton agar, activity measured in arbitrary units (AU/mL) and...

In 2014, Ecuador generated 141,000 MT of cocoa sweatings equivalent to 12,320 reducing sugars that through fermentation can become Bioetanol. Cocoa was characterized determinate its potential as biofuel. Methodologies described by AOAC 2005 standards were used. Values 10.6 Brix; pH 3.58; density 1.10 g / ml, total 12 and 33% 6.39% observed. Chemical groups such alkaloids, sugars, coumarins triterpenoid identified phytochemical screeninng. 20 chemical compounds detected using gas...

ABSTRACT Trichoderma is a saprophytic, soil-borne fungus with worldwide distribution that has been extensively studied due to their capacity synthesize secondary metabolites antimicrobial activity, parasitize other fungi and directly interact plant roots, inducing resistance disease tolerance abiotic stresses. Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-inhabiting oxysporum considered one of most important diseases affect banana cultivars. Currently, more environmentally friendly alternatives control...

La adaptabilidad de los hongos endófitos a sus hospedantes, beneficios ecológicos que le brinda y diversos mecanismos antagónicos contra plagas poseen convierten en una alternativa para el control biológico enfermedades. Se determinó potencial 17 cepas endofíticos foliares (FEF) obtenidas tejido sano Theobroma cacao como candidatas Moniliophthora roreri (MR) M. perniciosa (MP). evaluaron: i) micoparasitismo FEF frente colonias spp., ii) la acción metabolitos crudos crecimiento, iii)...

Ecuador is responsible for up to 70 % of the world's production fine flavor cocoa. Although fungal diseases have reduced cocoa production, eco–friendly alternatives been implemented control spread phytopathogens. This study aimed explore potential endophytic strains isolated from Nacional trees synthetize compounds with antimicrobial and surface active properties. It was determined that under in vitro conditions, seven (DS03, DS07, DS18, DS23, DS31, DS34 DS50) exhibited antifungal activity...

One of the main problems in production cacao Ecuador is disease caused by fungus Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) which affects pods. Here, we evaluate genetic diversity this Ecuador, and its sensitivity to fungicide azoxystrobin. We evaluated 76 monosporic cultures from Amazon Pacific coast regions. In vitro assays tested several doses azoxystrobin determine percent growth inhibition IC50. Concentrations 1 0.1 µg mL−1 inhibited at least 91% isolates. Three isolates were less sensitive...

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., is an endoparasite that infects plants' root system and causes yield losses in several important crops. one of the most devastating pests, so searching for effective biological agents needed to mitigate its damage. In this study, predatory activity Arthrobotrys oligosporus Fresen strain C-2197, obtained from a tropical dry forest Ecuador, was evaluated as biocontrol alternative caused by spp. Our results showed A. C-2197 has against juvenile...

Rhizobia have been studied for the symbiosis that they establish with roots of legumes. However, colonization and promotion growth in non-leguminous plants has also demonstrated. The aim this work was biochemical molecular identification rhizosphere rhizobia present inthe two commercial maize cultivars. Cultivableisolates were obtained yeast-mannitol-agar (YMA) mediumfrom rhizospheric soil rhizoplane. cultural (size,color, mucus, etc.), morphological, staining (cell shape,response to...

Cocoa bean shell (CBS) is a by-product with aromatic characteristics that can enhance the aroma and bioactivity of herbal infusions. This study was aimed to determine effect addition cocoa on metabolite profile antioxidant activity infusions made Ilex guayusa Vernonanthura patens their mixtures. Metabolite analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined multivariate analysis. Total polyphenol content flavonoids were determined Folin-Ciocalteu method flavonoid-AlCl3 complex,...

Agricultural mulches from plant waste constitute an ecological alternative due to their capacity biodegrade and incorporate into the soil. This work aimed at evaluating, during a drought, effects of mat mulch, based on banana rachis rice straw, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production, characterize material, both mechanically (traction resistance) physical-chemically (water retention capacity, organic inorganic components). Two contrasting irrigation regimes were used determine effect mulch...

Los microorganismos han sido fuente de importantes innovaciones industriales y su preservación ha contribuido al desarrollo investigaciones. Sin embargo, en el Ecuador son pocas las iniciativas que buscan conservar con potencial biotecnológico. La Colección cultivos microbianos CCM-CIBE busca proteger la microbiodiversidad del contribuir a estudio través identificación, conservación distribución microorganismos. En nuestra colección empleamos métodos largo plazo como agua, aceite mineral,...

Los productos farmacéuticos (PFs) constituyen un grupo importante de los contaminantes emergentes (CE), debido a su potencial para inducir efectos fisiológicos adversos bajas concentraciones en humanos y animales. Muchos estudios alrededor del mundo han reportado la presencia sin número estos compuestos diferentes medios acuáticos, lo que genera preocupación por posibles negativos se producen el agua, salud humana vida silvestre. En este contexto, artículo tiene objetivo presentar una...

Ecuador is one of the leading producers fine aroma cocoa worldwide, involving around 100,000 producer families. On American continent, largest Brazil, with 18%, followed by and Colombia, it estimated that more than 20 million people depend directly on this crop. Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent frost pot rot, has been a cause great concern due to production losses caused, which in 2022 amounted 80% different cocoa-producing provinces worldwide 30% performance they are estimates. This...

In Venezuela, Criollo cacao crops are distributed in different regions (eastern, central and western), under exploitation systems, and, each of these regions, there is a uniqueness materials with characteristics associated to an intrinsic, differential quality that could potentially affect chocolate quality. These have inherent climates significantly different; however, lack consistent technical information about the real effects environmental factors on organoleptic cacao. Therefore,...