Introduction: Corneal infection is one of the major causes monocular blindness in developing countries. Objective: To determine epidemiological characteristics, predisposing factors, microbiological pattern, sensitivity pattern and treatment outcome microbial keratitis. Materials methods: A retrospective analysis hospital records 414 patients with diagnosed infective keratitis was done. The measures were isolates, their to therapeutic agents outcome. Results: Of total, 312 (75.4 %) farmers...

Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common cause of hospital admission in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). The aims this study were to evaluate the precipitant factors and analyze treatment outcomes HE LC. Methods All LC admitted between February 2017 January 2018 for overt analyzed precipitating outcomes. Treatments compared among three groups: receiving lactulose, lactulose plus L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA), rifaximin. primary endpoints mortality stay. chi-square test was used...

Introduction: Uncorrected refractive error is an important cause of childhood blindness and visual impairment. Objective: To describe the patterns errors among children attending outpatient clinic at Department Pediatric Ophthalmology, Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairahawa, Nepal. Subjects methods: Records 133 with aged 5 - 15 years from both urban rural areas Nepal adjacent territory India hospital between September November 2010 were examined for errors. The SPSS statistical software was used...

Background and objective The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is 60% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). NAFLD can lead to steatohepatitis (NASH), both which are the leading causes cirrhosis. This study was undertaken evaluate whether empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, reduces fat content these after therapy. Methods After enrolling T2DM NAFLD, they were administered empagliflozin 10 mg once daily orally for six months...

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the emerging diseases affecting 20%–30% population creating a burden on public health worldwide and has been associated with causation multiple diseases. Besides exercise, several drugs are being used in patients based clinical evidence especially vitamin E, potent antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress responsible for development progression nonalcoholic disease. This study aims at evaluating effect exercise pharmacotherapy Design: A...

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the deposition of fat inside cells in absence secondary causes. It considered as a hepatic complication metabolic syndrome. The syndrome consists dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. This study aims to determine prevalence Nepalese patients with NAFLD from mid-Western part Nepal. Method was descriptive cross-sectional study. Three different sites were chosen around Butwal sub-metropolitan city Rupandehi district, A one-day...

i d a t e h s g n f c o D p l r measurements of hepatic vein in cirrhotic patients and to correlate with liver dysfunction hemodynamics. METHODS:One hundred cirrhosis 60 non-cirrhotic controls were studied.Doppler waveforms obtained from right flow velocity measured during quiet respiration.Doppler also portal trunk, proper artery.RESULTS: Hepatic classified into three classical patterns.Flat waveform was uncommon.Mean significantly higher (12.7 ± 6.4 vs 5.1 2.1 6.2 3.2 cm/s; P < 0.0001).The...

Introduction: Our clinical experience showed that there has been no decrease in pediatric cases of acute viral hepatitis Kathmandu. The objective the study was to analyze etiology, features, laboratory parameters, sonological findings and other determine probable prognostic factors Acute Viral Hepatitis population.Methods: Consecutive patients suspected Hepatitis, below age 15 years, attending liver clinic between January 2006 December2010were studied. After examination they were subjected...

Background Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is an underappreciated condition in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). It a common endoscopic finding CLD patients, but its relation esophageal varices (EV) and the severity of controversial. Herein, we aimed to study prevalence PHG determine association EV disease. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical was conducted at Hepatology department, Bir Hospital Kathmandu from 19th March 30th June 2019. A total 404 various...

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome occurs as recurrent abdominal pain that is related to defecation and associated with change in frequency and/or form of stool. Few Patients IBS may have organic lesions detectable at colonoscopy.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out 140 consecutive patients fulfilling the ROME IV criteria. The conducted Gastroenterology unit, Department Medicine, Bir hospital, Kathmandu from July 2016 September 2017. All underwent full colonoscopy...

Hepatitis E virus is a major cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis. Mortality very high if it associated with pregnancy, especially during third trimester. This study was carried out to find the effects acute HEV hepatitis on Chronic Liver Disease patients different etiologies.The consecutive liver cirrhosis definite evidence recent infection were enrolled in this study. Acute diagnosed by presence prodromal symptoms and anti-HEV IgM antibody their serum. The outcomes after...

Introduction: AUGIB is characterized by hematemesis or melena both. Peptic ulcers and variceal bleed account for majority of cases. Use proton pump inhibitors in current era associated with a gradual reduction burden peptic ulcer disease. We conducted this study to look into the cause our community.Methods: studied 100 patients one year period who presented us melena. The was department Gastroenterology, Bir hospital, Kathmandu. identified culprit lesions upper gastrointestinal...

Introduction: Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy remains the gold standard for screening esophageal varices but it has its own limitations. It is an invasive, expensive and uncomfortable procedure needs clinical expertise. Accordingly, this study was conducted to establish role of non-invasive markers prediction in liver cirrhosis.&#x0D; Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional carried out Liver unit National Academy Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, from October 2016 September...

Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a common and life-threatening event in patients with liver cirrhosis occurring approximately 20-50% of hospitalized cirrhosis. Pre-renal acute injury, the hepatorenal syndrome type tubular necrosis represent causes. The aim this study was to profile cirrhosis.&#x0D; Methods: Consecutive admitted Liver unit Bir Hospital were studied see presence hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. Clinical laboratory parameters along various clinical outcome...

Background Assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes estimation fat (steatosis). Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) value obtained by FibroScan® (Echosens, Paris, France) is an alternative to biopsy for diagnosing and estimating steatosis (S). This study aimed estimate the CAP in NAFLD patients. Methods An observational cross-sectional was conducted at Liver Unit Bir Hospital, from January 2021 May after ethical clearance Institutional Review Board National Academy...

Background: The clinical picture in cirrhosis is dominated by the classical complications such as ascites, bleeding varices, portal hypertension and encephalopathy. Cardiac dysfunction patients with cirrhosis, which contributes significantly to morbidity and, mortality though prevalent, less studied not widely recognized entity since it largely asymptomatic at rest, overt heart failure seen mainly during pharmacological stress, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, liver...

Bleeding from esophageal varices in cirrhosis is an emergent condition with high mortality. One of the preferred modality treating EVL. We aimed to find out outcome EVL controlling acute variceal bleeding, prophylactic banding prevent future bleeding and number sessions required for complete eradication varices.This descriptive observational study was carried Gastroenterology Hepatology unit Bir Hospital, NAMS June 2016 May 2017. Consecutive cases who presented emergency room due liver large...

Acute variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis is an immediate life-threatening condition and amajor complication of portal hypertension associated with higher morbidity, mortality hospital costs than any other causes UGI bleeding. Therefore, early stratification initiation therapy based on several factors can reduce it. We aimed to study the predictors acute LC.An observational prospective was conducted Gastroenterology Hepatology units Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from April 1, 2016 May 30,...

Transient elastography is a very promising noninvasive procedure to determine liver stiffness for diagnosis of fibrosis in various chronic diseases. However, studies on normal values apparently healthy subjects are still few. We aimed Nepalese volunteers.Transient (Fibro ScanR, Echosens, Paris, France) was performed find out 45 volunteers after explaining study protocol. Complete medical examination with routine laboratory tests performed. Subjects biochemistries and ultrasonography were...

Despite direct-acting antivirals (DAA), aims to "eradicate" viral hepatitis by 2030 remain unlikely. In Nepal, an expert consortium was established treat HCV through Nepal earthquakes aftermath offering a model for treatment expansion in resource-poor setting.In 2015, we network of hepatologists, laboratory experts, and community-based leaders at 6 Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) sites from 4 cities screening 838 patients cohort 600 individuals with infection past or current drug use....

Background &amp; Objectives:Chronic hepatitis C is one of the leading causes chronic liver disease in our country. With introduction directly acting antivirals, many patients are benefitted these days. Transient elastography newer technologies for measuring stiffness and quantifying fibrosis has excellent accuracy diagnosis with C. Our study analyzes changes its associated factors treated antivirals (DAAs).Materials Methods: One hundred seven C, who were DAAs (Sofosbuvir 400 mg velpatasvir...

Background: Studies have shown that patients with liver cirrhosis are more susceptible to tuberculosis because of immune dysfunction; however there only limited data. We carried out this study know the prevalence and clinical characteristics in cirrhosis.Methods: In retrospective study, medical files 200 consecutive admitted diagnosis ward unit, Bir Hospital from January 2011 December 2014 were evaluated for presence TB these analyzed.Results: Eighteen diagnosed a 9%. The median age was 53...