Abstract A high-resolution, full-physics model initiated with an idealized tropical cyclone–like vortex is used to simulate and investigate the secondary eyewall formation. The beta skirt axisymmetrization (BSA) hypothesis previously proposed examined roles of axisymmetrizing Rossby waves (VRWs) in formation are further investigated. During period, convection outside inner-core region organized into outer spiral rainband. PV dipoles that persistently generated by convective updrafts through...

The outer tropical cyclone (TC) size was extracted from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) fifth-generation global atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5), National Centers Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and ECMWF Interim (ERA-I), as well a hybrid reanalysis-observation dataset, Cross Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) ocean surface wind vector product. Results are compared with QuikSCAT Tropical Cyclone Radial Structure Dataset...

Abstract This study analyzes the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) process in an idealized cloud-resolving simulation of a tropical cyclone. In particular, unbalanced boundary layer response to asymmetric inflow forcing induced by outer rainbands (ORBs) is examined order understand mechanisms driving sustained convection outside primary during early phase SEF. The enhancement SEF region follows and inward contraction ORB. azimuthal distribution enhanced highly but regular, generally along...

Abstract Although it is well-established that concentric eyewall (CE) formation in tropical cyclones (TCs) closely related to their intensity, environmental factors also play non-negligible roles. The characteristics differentiate CE TCs from non-CE with intensities equal or greater than category 4 (i.e., intense TCs) over the western North Pacific 1999 2020 are investigated. tend move westward and experience northerly vertical wind shear (VWS), whereas slightly northward predominantly faced...

Abstract A suite of idealized simulations tropical cyclones (TCs) with weak to strong vertical wind shear (VWS) imposed during the mature stage was employed examine effects VWS on inner-core thermodynamics and intensity change TCs using a three-dimensional full-physics numerical model as well budget analysis moist entropy. For sheared shear-induced convective asymmetries, tends reduce entropy within midlevel eyewall boundary layer (BL) but supply outside above BL. Such changes in radial...

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of moist dynamics on intensification variability tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows. Here, we propose that dry can account for many aspects structure change TCs simulations. The vortex tilt with height and time essentially determines kinematic thermodynamic experiencing flows, depending how environmental flow rotates height, is, a clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CC) fashion. precesses faster is closer to left-of-shear (with...

Abstract This study investigates the quadrant-by-quadrant evolution of low-level tangential wind near eyewall an idealized simulated mature tropical cyclone embedded in a unidirectional shear flow. It is found that quadrant-averaged right-of-shear quadrants weakens continuously, while left-of-shear experiences two-stage evolution: quasi-steady stage followed by weakening after imposing vertical shear. leads to larger rate and stronger jet quadrants. The budget analysis shows...

Abstract The coupling of vortex tilt and convection, their effects on the intensification variability tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows, is investigated this study. height-dependent controls TC structural differences clockwise (CW) counterclockwise (CC) hodographs during initial stage development. Moist convection may enhance between displaced vortices at different levels thus reduce amplitude precession overall early However, CW CC are further amplified by a feedback from...

Abstract This study examines the changes in outer size distribution of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over Chinese mainland from 1977 to 2020. The period was divided into two epochs: 1977–98 and 1999–2020. results show that TCs South China has no apparent change, while East (LTC EC ) is narrower second epoch, difference median sizes between become more significant. Furthermore, it found LTC formed western part North Pacific (W-WNP) shifted a larger range (300–500 km) at landfall, those...

Abstract An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) combined with the Advanced Research Weather and Forecasting model (WRF) is cycled evaluated for western North Pacific (WNP) typhoons of year 2016. Conventional in situ data, radiance observations, tropical cyclone (TC) minimum sea level pressure (SLP) are assimilated every 6 h using an 80-member ensemble. For all TC categories, 6-h priors from WRF/EnKF system have appropriate amount variance tracks but insufficient intensity. The tend to overestimate...

An easily accessible climate data portal, http://yorku.ca/ocdp, was developed and officially launched in 2018 to disseminate a super ensemble of high-resolution regional change projections for the province Ontario, Canada. The spatial resolution is ~10 km × temporal one day, UTC. covers 120 years from 1981 2100. This user-friendly portal provides users with thousands static interactive maps, decadal variation trend lines, summary tables, reports terabytes bias-corrected downscaled data....

Abstract This study analyses the landfall intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting Pacific coast Japan and found that proportion strong typhoons increased significantly in second 22 years from 1977 to 2020. With an objective cluster analysis TC tracks, one could isolate a TCs originating southeastern part western North (WNP), which plays dominant role increasing landfalls typhoons. These are characterized by long‐recurving track achieve higher larger size. Further trajectories...

It is shown that small but finite-amplitude drift wave turbulence in a two-ion-species plasma can be modeled by Hasegawa-Mima equation. The mode cascade process and resulting turbulent spectrum are investigated. found to similar of two-component plasma, the space time scales quite different since they rescaled presence second ion species.

Abstract A cloud‐resolving, coupled hurricane‐ocean modelling system is developed under the Earth System Modeling Framework using state‐of‐the‐art numerical forecasting models of atmosphere and ocean. With this system, importance coupling to an eddy‐resolving ocean model high resolution atmospheric for prediction intensity change hurricane Rita (2005) demonstrated through a set experiments. The erroneous intensification in uncoupled experiments could be eliminated when taking account...

The effect of dust on the low-frequency drift wave in inhomogeneous magnetized dusty plasmas is investigated. It shown that a can be modeled by Hasegawa–Mima equation (HME) both mobile and immobile plasmas, which are dust-modified HME background, respectively. former rescaled significantly presence space-time scale greatly increases with increasing density mass dust, while latter not rescaled, but an additional driving force appears to drive waves.