Abstract CoMorph is a new mass‐flux convection parametrization under development at the Met Office designed for use within Unified Model and its successor model, LFRic. Use of three‐dimensional idealised model enables controlled tests performance scheme across different regimes. This includes interaction between physical parametrizations resolved dynamics, allowing study emergent organisation on scale. A selection well‐known cases revisited here, with purpose documenting extent to which...

Abstract In the lifetime of a tropical cyclone (TC), there can be multiple rapid intensification (RI) periods. idealized numerical studies TCs, two‐stage mode RI is frequently observed. However, underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain unclear. This study examines physics second phase from perspective TC internal dynamics. It revealed that formation and maintenance outer rainbands inhibit development inner rainbands, resulting in more upright compact heating structure within core...

Abstract Feng Yun 3G (FY‐3G) spaceborne Ku‐band radar observations were assimilated for the first time using one‐dimensional (1D) Bayesian retrieval and a three‐dimensional variational (3D‐Var) method rainfall event on 28 July 2023, in Chongqing, China. Ground‐based radars used to validate observations, comparisons volume match demonstrate that FY‐3G are reliable. In this study, forward operator based T‐matrix is used, melting attenuation processes also taken into account....

We develop a novel approach to detect cloud-subcloud coupling during the cloud life cycle and analyze large eddy simulation of marine shallow cumulus based on Barbados oceanographic meteorological experiment campaign. Our results demonstrate how activity sub-cloud coherent updrafts (SCUs) affect evolution properties their cycles, from triggering development, through dissipation. Most clouds (~80%) are related SCUs lifetime but not every SCU (~20% for short-lived ones) leads formation. The...

Abstract A suite of idealized simulations tropical cyclones (TCs) with weak to strong vertical wind shear (VWS) imposed during the mature stage was employed examine effects VWS on inner-core thermodynamics and intensity change TCs using a three-dimensional full-physics numerical model as well budget analysis moist entropy. For sheared shear-induced convective asymmetries, tends reduce entropy within midlevel eyewall boundary layer (BL) but supply outside above BL. Such changes in radial...

Abstract Prediction of tropical cyclones (TCs) beyond a week is challenging but great importance for disaster prevention and mitigation. We propose hybrid machine learning (ML)/physics‐based modeling framework to extend TC forecasts 2 weeks. This integrates recently launched ML‐based global weather prediction model (Pangu) the high‐resolution physics‐based regional research forecasting (WRF) model. The Pangu shows promise in enhancing accuracy predictions large‐scale circulation tracks,...

Abstract This study investigates the precipitation symmetrization preceding rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) experiencing vertical wind shear by analyzing numerical simulations Typhoon Mujigae (2015) with warm (CTL) and relatively cool (S1) sea surface temperatures (SSTs). A novel finding is that maintained continuous development deep convection along inward flank a convective shield (CPS), especially in downwind part. Beneath CPS, downdrafts flush boundary layer...

Abstract A record-breaking precipitation event occurred in the Henan province of China July 2021 (217HP). To identify moisture source event, ensemble experiments with 120 members were conducted this study. Results show that precipitable water during extreme was primarily contributed by low-level southeasterly (LLSE) vapor transport. The LLSE largely enhanced pressure gradient force maintained western Pacific subtropical high and further amplified latent heat release rainfall system over...

Abstract This study aimed to explore the predictability of most long‐lived tropical cyclone (TC) Freddy in 2023 while it traversed westward across southern Indian Ocean during first 18 days its existence. Global ensemble forecasts revealed southward track deflection and intensity underestimation Freddy. We identified three key factors contributing limited Freddy, which are associated with Mascarene High, Storm Dingani, itself. The large errors can be attributed underestimated strength more...

Abstract In this study, bulk mass flux formulations for turbulent fluxes are evaluated shallow and deep convection using large-eddy simulation data. The approximation neglects two sources of variability: the interobject variability due to differences between average properties different cloud objects, intraobject perturbations within each object. Using a simple cloud–environment decomposition, contributions heat comparable in magnitude with that from approximation, but do not share similar...

Abstract This study takes the first step to bridge gap between pressure drag of a shallow cloud ensemble and that an individual composed rising thermals. It is found for primarily controlled by dynamical component. The dominance its increased magnitude with height are independent lifetime common features clouds except total single over life cycle presents vertical oscillations. These oscillations associated successive thermals but further complicated evaporation‐driven downdrafts outside...

Abstract The rainfall distribution in a tropical cyclone (TC) is affected by many factors/processes. Most of previous studies have focused on individual TCs. Little known about the binary This study examines TCs over western North Pacific based observational data. When two become nearby, asymmetric component shows an increasing trend with significantly suppressed Quadrant IV TC located to west when orienting west‐east direction. suppression becomes remarkable once separation distance between...

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of moist dynamics on intensification variability tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows. Here, we propose that dry can account for many aspects structure change TCs simulations. The vortex tilt with height and time essentially determines kinematic thermodynamic experiencing flows, depending how environmental flow rotates height, is, a clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CC) fashion. precesses faster is closer to left-of-shear (with...

Abstract This study investigates the quadrant-by-quadrant evolution of low-level tangential wind near eyewall an idealized simulated mature tropical cyclone embedded in a unidirectional shear flow. It is found that quadrant-averaged right-of-shear quadrants weakens continuously, while left-of-shear experiences two-stage evolution: quasi-steady stage followed by weakening after imposing vertical shear. leads to larger rate and stronger jet quadrants. The budget analysis shows...

Abstract The prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity remains a major scientific challenge. Recent studies indicate that cloud‐radiation feedback (CRF) plays positive role in the intensification TCs during their genesis. However, little attention has been given to how CRF affects TC after This study shows may prevents from attaining higher maximum intensities. ascending motion induced by anomalous radiative heating promotes more latent on outer side upper eyewall, resulting tilted...

Abstract The coupling of vortex tilt and convection, their effects on the intensification variability tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows, is investigated this study. height-dependent controls TC structural differences clockwise (CW) counterclockwise (CC) hodographs during initial stage development. Moist convection may enhance between displaced vortices at different levels thus reduce amplitude precession overall early However, CW CC are further amplified by a feedback from...

This contribution summarizes the significant progress in a variety of topic areas related to internal tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change processes over 2018–2022 from WMO Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-10). These include surface and boundary layer processes; TC structure microphysical and, radiation interactions with TCs. Recent studies better frame uncertainty drag enthalpy coefficients at high wind speeds. parameters greatly impact it is therefore important...

Abstract In this study, the moist buffering halo region of shallow maritime cumulus clouds is systematically investigated using large eddy simulations with various grid resolutions and numerical choices. Autocorrelation analyses cloud liquid water relative humidity suggest a converged size 200–300 m for patches outside when model resolution below 50 m, but may overestimate due to noncloudy regions. Based on composite analysis, structure immediately individual examined. It found that,...

Abstract The study investigates the rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in Northwestern Pacific. We found that changes maximum wind speed ( V max ) and minimum central pressure P min are not always concurrent. RI cases can be categorized into three types: (a) v , only strengthens rapidly; (b) p decreases (c) pv occur concurrently. At onset RI, ‐type TCs exhibit weakest intensity smallest size, with deep convection concentrated inner‐core region; characterized by strongest...