Purpose To compare hyperpolarized helium‐3 ( 3 He) and xenon‐129 129 Xe) MRI in asthmatics before after salbutamol inhalation. Materials Methods Seven provided written informed consent underwent spirometry, plethysmography, He Xe ventilation defect percent (VDP) coefficient of variation (COV) were measured. characterize the airways spatially related to defects, wall area (WA%) lumen (LA) evaluated for two subjects who had thoracic x‐ray computed tomography (CT) acquired 1 year MRI. Results...

Several cetacean and pinniped species use the northeastern Chukchi Sea as seasonal or year-round habitat. This area has experienced pronounced reduction in extent of summer sea ice over last decade, well increased anthropogenic activity, particularly form oil gas exploration. The effects these changes on marine mammal are presently unknown. Autonomous passive acoustic recorders were deployed a wide off coast Alaska from Cape Lisburne to Barrow, at distances 8 km 200 shore: up 44 each winter....

Superficial x-rays (50-100 kVp) are used for treating non-melanoma skin cancer and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). At these energies, the photoelectric effect significantly increases absorbed dose to bone compared soft tissue. We EGSnrc MC simulations investigate enhancement during radiotherapy with Sensus SRT-100 machine. Simulated beams were validated against laboratory measurements a commercial treatment planning system (SmART-ATP). Transmission indirectly predicted dosage....

Asymmetry and heterogeneity in the branching of human bronchial tree are well documented, but their effects on bronchoconstriction ventilation distribution asthma unclear. In a series seminal studies, Venegas et al. have shown that may lead to self-organized patterns patchy computational model could explain areas poor [ventilation defects (VDefs)] observed positron emission tomography images during induced bronchoconstriction. To investigate anatomic asymmetry emergence VDefs we used...

Canine appendicular osteosarcoma is commonly treated with limb amputation; however, limb-sparing options are frequently desired or necessary for a subset of patients. We evaluated 123 patients and 130 sites stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Eighty-two out 98 dogs (84%) had maximum lameness improvement at median 3 weeks 6 months duration. Histopathologic evaluation available samples from amputation necropsy revealed >80% tumor necrosis in 50% limbs consistent local disease control....

Background Conventional fractionated radiotherapy has been shown to be partially effective for management of pituitary tumors in cats that cause acromegaly and diabetes mellitus (DM), but, the efficacy safety stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) as a treatment acromegalic not described. Hypothesis Stereotactic is an safe controlling associated with adenomas cats. Additionally, SRT‐treated DM will experience decrease insulin requirements after therapy. Animals Fifty‐three client‐owned...

Asthma is a variable disease with changes in symptoms and airway function over many time scales. Airway resistance (Raw) thought to reflect smooth muscle activity, but just how variation throughout the tree influence of gas distribution abnormalities affect Raw unclear. We used multibranch lung model evaluate diameter size, role coherent regional variation, on mean as described by SD (SDRaw). modified an anatomically correct tree, provided Merryn Tawhai (The University Auckland, New...

Abstract The clinical behavior of canine trigeminal nerve sheath tumors and benefits previously reported treatments are incompletely defined. Aims this retrospective, multicenter, observational study were to describe signs, tumor localization characteristics, treatments, outcomes in a group dogs with neoplasm. Databases at four hospitals reviewed for diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, presentation between 2004 2014. A single observer recorded medical record findings two...

Ventilation heterogeneity is an important marker of small airway dysfunction in asthma. The frequency dependence respiratory system resistance (Rrs) from oscillometry used as a measure this heterogeneity. However, has not been quantitatively assessed or compared with other outcomes oscillometry, including reactance (Xrs) and the associated elastance (Ers). Here, we multibranch model human lung, upper shunt, to match previously reported mechanics mild severe We imposed by narrowing proportion...

In patients with asthma, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides direct measurements of regional ventilation heterogeneity, the etiology which is not well-understood, nor relationship abnormalities lung mechanics. addition, respiratory resistance and reactance are often abnormal in asthmatics frequency dependence thought to reflect heterogeneity. We acquired MRI defect maps, forced expiratory volume one-second (FEV1), airways (Raw) measurements, used a computational airway model explore...

Abstract Intracranial gliomas are the second most common brain tumour in dogs. Radiation therapy provides a minimally invasive treatment option for this type. Earlier publications reporting on use of non‐modulated radiation suggested poor prognosis dogs with glioma, median survival times ranging between 4 and 6 months; more recent literature utilizing stereotactic (SRT) demonstrates that canine may be promising, closer to 12 months. A single institution retrospective study was performed 2010...

Bronchodilation alters both respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) in asthma, but how changes Rrs Xrs compare, respond differently health reflecting the contributions from large small airways has not been assessed. We assessed reversibility using spirometry oscillometry healthy asthma subjects. Using a multibranch airway-tree model with mechanics of upper airway shunt, we compared effects dilation recruitment to explain Xrs. Bronchodilator decreased by 23.0 (19.0)% 18...

Abstract Thyroid carcinoma develops spontaneously in dogs, with only 25% to 50% of cases amenable surgery at diagnosis. Local control for unresectable tumours can be provided external beam radiotherapy. The aim this retrospective study is describe the safety and efficacy stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment canine thyroid carcinoma. Twenty‐three dogs met inclusion criteria; median tumour volume before SBRT was 129.9 cm 3 (range, 2.7‐452.8 ). Sixteen patients (70%) had...

The safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment localized nasal lymphoma cats has not been described.Stereotactic with or without adjuvant chemotherapy is an effective well-tolerated for cats.Thirty-two client owned referred to Colorado State University lymphoma.Retrospective study treated SBRT between 2010 2020 at University. Diagnosis was obtained via cytology histopathology. Signalment, protocol, concurrent treatments, adverse effects, survival were...

Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a locally and systemically aggressive cancer that shares many biological clinical characteristics with human mucosal melanoma. Hypofractionated radiation protocols have been used to treat CMM but little known about its biology. This pilot study designed investigate response of cell lines various ionizing radiations cytotoxic agents better understand this canine cancer. Four were evaluated by clonogenic survival assay under aerobic hypoxic conditions...

Abstract Canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PCCs) are commonly treated with surgery overall median survival times (MST) around a year; however, due to extent of disease, prognosis, or client preference, alternative treatments have been considered. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has utilized in human cancer patients for local control lung tumours as surgical alternative. Twenty‐one PCCs 19 dogs that received SBRT were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs staged according the canine...

To describe outcome and toxicity for dogs with oral tumors, specifically malignant melanoma (OMM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). A single institution retrospective study was conducted. Outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis Cox proportional hazard analysis. Treatment responses at different time points evaluated Pearson’s Chi-squared test to identify prognostic factors. Acute late toxicities recorded...

Abstract The impact of raindrops on a soil surface during rainstorm may cause soil‐surface sealing and upon drying, crusting. Soil‐surface is result the clogging interaggregate pores by smaller suspended particles in water structural deformation fabric, which reduces infiltration capacity soils. crusting refers to increase strength or mechanical stiffness associated with near compaction, densification, cementation. formation seals crusts have profound influence erodability soils, consensus...

Purpose: A novel method has been developed for volume of interest (VOI) cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging using a 2.35 MV/Carbon target linac beam line combined with dynamic multileaf collimator sequences. Methods: The authors demonstrate the concept acquisition multiple, separate volumes, where volumes can be either completely separated or nested, and are associated predetermined dose contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) characteristics. Two individual MLC sequences were established in planning system...

Canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has served as a preclinical model for radiation, hyperthermia, experimental therapeutics, and tumor microenvironmental research decades. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) demonstrates promising results the control of various tumors in human veterinary medicine; however, there is limited clinical data management STS with SBRT. In this retrospective study, we aimed to define overall efficacy toxicity SBRT treatment macroscopic canine establish comparative...

For thin nonlocally reacting porous layers, a method derived from the work of [Chien and Soroka, J. Sound Vib. 43, 9–20 (1975)] has been used to localize pole reflection coefficient located at complex angle close π∕2 measure surface impedance this angle. Measurements are performed with small source/receiver separation. The is in present acoustically thick layers high flow resistivity. Simulations show that measured impedance, which related like for grazing incidence. It also shown...

JASCO Applied Sciences provided acoustic data collection services to Shell Offshore Incorporated in support of their explorations the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas during summer 2007. A total 37 ocean bottom hydrophones recording systems were deployed resulting a set excess 5 TB. This equates almost years continuous sound recording. campaign information on migration routes marine mammals, which include bowhead, beluga, humpback, gray whales walruses. Given large amount data, manual analysis...