While the Internet of Things (IoT) is driving a transformation current society toward smarter one, new challenges and opportunities have arisen to accommodate demands IoT development. Low power wireless devices are, undoubtedly, most viable solution for diverse use cases. Among such devices, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons emerged as one promising due ubiquity Bluetooth-compatible iPhones Android smartphones. However, BLE continue penetrating ecosystem in holistic manner,...

The maturing deployment of the Internet Things is gradually realizing new smart applications that strongly leverage recent advances in proximity detection methods. To this end, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons are one preferred candidates because widespread use Bluetooth-enabled devices. However, traditional battery-powered BLE suffer from a limited operation lifetime, inducing additional maintenance operations and costs. This paper addresses issue by proposing design principles for an...

Compute-in-memory (CIM) is an efficient method for implementing deep neural networks (DNNs) but suffers from substantial overhead analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), especially as ADC precision increases. Low-precision ADCs can re- duce this introduce partial-sum quantization errors degrading accuracy. Additionally, low-bit weight constraints, im- posed by cell limitations and the need multiple cells higher- bit weights, present further challenges. While fine-grained partial- sum has been...

The implementation of Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) on In-Memory (IMC) architectures faces significant challenges due to the mismatch between highdimensional vectors and IMC array sizes, leading inefficient memory utilization increased computation cycles. This paper presents MEMHD, a Memory-Efficient Multi-centroid HDC framework designed address these challenges. MEMHD introduces clustering-based initialization method quantization aware iterative learning for multi-centroid associative...

The meeting of pervasive screens and smart devices has witnessed the birth screen-smart device interaction (SSI), a key enabler to many novel interactive use cases. Most current surveys focus on direct human-screen interaction, best our knowledge, none have studied state-of-the-art SSI. This survey identifies three core elements SSI delivers timely discussion oriented around screen, device, modality. Two evaluation metrics (i.e., latency accuracy) been adopted refined match criterion...

In the coming age of Internet Things, underlying infrastructure that supports IoT applications will play a pivotal role. Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons, small radio frequency broadcasters advertise their unique identification, have been highlighted for possible usage in infrastructure, as sensor network BLE Beacons is capable providing contextual and locational information to users. However, size wireless has grown, finite battery capacity proven be major challenge. Due limited capacity,...

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon network is one of the essential infrastructures for many IoT and smart city applications. However, BLE usually suffers from poor reliability high maintenance costs due to short-lived battery lifetime. A few recent works tackled challenge by adjusting operating configuration subject nearby user occupancy in a reactive manner. previous failed adapt dynamically changing behaviors lack prediction mechanism. Such shortcomings lead shorter lifetime longer packet...

BLE beacon networks are widely adopted for IoT and smart city applications, but they susceptible to security threats, including piggybacking spoofing attacks. These attacks can infringe on or even jeopardize the profitability of network owners. To address this issue, packets often encrypted updated periodically, which requires frequent synchronization between individual beacons a centralized server, consuming significant resources. We propose novel crowd-assisted, secure identifier (ID)...

Contact tracing is the techno-choice of reference to address COVID-19 pandemic. Many current approaches have severe privacy and security issues fail offer a sustainable contact infrastructure. We these introducing an innovative, privacy-preserving, sustainable, experimentally tested architecture that leverages batteryless BLE beacons.

With growing demands for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, BLE beacon networks are rapidly being adopted. Periodic battery replacement operations and onsite maintenance required to ensure continuous reliable service. These labor intensive resource exhaustive. Therefore, Bluetooth gateways/mobile devices often employed monitor/collect the energy status. However, gateways consume a considerable amount network requests, user existence influences data collection, thus accuracy, based on...

As Internet of things (IoT) infrastructures such as BLE beacon networks are gaining more attention, excessive battery consumption and subsequent maintenance operations have proven to be crucial drawbacks. part the green IoT trend, light energy harvesting beacons been proposed in literature reduce from batteries extend their lifetime. However, these devices do not consider adjusting angle solar panel, which prevents them maximizing capability by adapting various indoor lighting conditions....

One key feature of Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons is the received signal strength, which can be used to estimate distance between any Bluetooth-compatible receiver (e.g., smartphone, tablet, etc.) and fixed deployed beacon. Although strength (RSS) measured easily with commonly available smart devices, measurements are unreliable, in general estimation models not robust different hardware settings for real beacon networks. Furthermore, lack consideration object mobility these undermines...

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have been highlighted as one of the viable solutions for faster and more power-efficient convolutional neural networks (CNNs) inference. Recently, shift duplicate kernel (SDK) weight mapping scheme was proposed, achieving up to 50% through-put improvement over prior arts. However, traditional pattern-based pruning methods, which were adopted row-skipping computing cycle reduction, are not optimal latest SDK due structural irregularity caused by...

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon networks are one common infrastructure for IoT and smart city applications because of their scalability affordability, as well the proliferation Bluetooth-enabled devices. However, BLE suffer from short battery lifetime, which induces additional maintenance costs. In this paper, we propose a novel user existence-aware firmware, USTEA, that extends lifetime by changing its operating configuration. Leveraging scan response request features Core Specifications,...

Greenhouse farming is a trending practice to secure food production in desert environments. Such often requires sensing systems monitor the greenhouse microclimate. However, traditional monitoring are limited by their feature size, energy consumption, and maintenance cost. To address these issues, this article introduces luXSensing beacon—an harvesting device empowered with Bluetooth communication technology perform continuous environmental sensing. enable long-lasting or even batteryless...

A BLE beacon is a small electronic device that has recently been proposed as building block to construct an infrastructure supporting emerging smart applications. However, due its simple communication protocol architecture, which broadcasts static payload, beacon-based vulnerable different types of abuses and attacks, in particular free-riding spoofing. Many manufacturers propose dynamically randomizing advertisement packets at the firmware level solution. this approach difficult implement...

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon networks are a popular infrastructure for IoT and smart city applications due to their scalability affordability, as well the proliferation of Bluetooth-enabled devices. However, BLE suffer from short battery lifetime, inducing additional maintenance costs. Previous works have tackled this problem by proposing more energy-efficient firmware that will change its operating configuration based on user existence information. previous efforts could not adapt...

Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon networks are one common infrastructure for IoT and smart city applications because of their scalability affordability, as well the proliferation Bluetooth-enabled devices. However, BLE suffer from short battery lifetime, which induces additional maintenance costs. In this paper, we propose a novel user existence-aware firmware, User-B, that extends lifetime by changing its operating configuration. Leveraging scan response request features Core...

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons can be powered up with a small coin cell battery. The problem battery-powered beacon is that frequent battery replacement required. Such process very tedious considering the massive amount of already deployed beacons. While solar-powered have emerged as an alternative to beacon, deployment challenging low ambient light energy available in indoor environments. This paper presents innovate adjustable solar panel. In particular, we employ Markov Decision...

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon network is one of the essential infrastructures for many IoT and smart city applications due to proliferation Bluetooth-enabled devices. However, BLE usually suffers from high maintenance costs short battery lifetime. A recent work proposed duty-cycling advertising interval subject detected existence a user; if user detected, operates in shorter interval, otherwise longer reduce its energy consumption. since such reactive approach based on hardcoded...

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have been highlighted as one of the most viable options for faster and more power-efficient computation. Paired with a convolutional weight mapping scheme, PIM arrays can accelerate various deep neural networks (CNNs) applications that adopt them. Recently, shift duplicate kernel (SDK) scheme was proposed, achieving up to 50% throughput improvement over prior arts. However, traditional pattern-based pruning methods, which were adopted row-skipping...

To address the short-lived battery lifetime of Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons, researchers proposed solar-powered designs, equipped with rechargeable storage such as a supercapacitor. However, accurately monitoring status - an essential step for device maintenance has shown to be major concern. Existing methods, which are either crowd-assisted or require on-site data collection, suffer from severe losses information. This paper presents recovery framework support vector regression (SVR)...

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon network is one of the essential infrastructures for many IoT and smart city applications that involve a plethora sensing tasks. However, BLE usually suffers from poor reliability high maintenance costs due to short-lived battery lifetime. Multiple works have attempted extend lifetime via energy harvesting hardware, adaptive advertising interval by user existence-aware operation, energy-efficient routing schemes. few attempts were made reduce consumption...