Plastics are solid materials where biodegradation happens on the surface. Only surface is affected by while inner part should not be readily available for biodegradation. Thus, at a laboratory level, rate expected to function of area tested sample. The higher area, rate, all other environmental conditions being equal. In order further explore role particle size biodegradability, plastic pellets polybutylene sebacate were milled and sieved into different sizes, thus obtaining four samples,...

The assessment of the intrinsic biodegradability plastic materials is made under optimized environmental conditions in order not to limit microbial growth and activity follow biodegradation process until completion. In particular, tests are carried out at constant temperature range between 20 28 °C favour mesophilic microorganisms. On other hand, if purpose predict fate consumer or professional products with biodegradable plastics after accidental deliberate release into environment, then...

TECHNOLOGY REPORT article Front. Microbiol., 21 June 2012Sec. Microbiotechnology Volume 3 - 2012 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00225

The biodegradation kinetics in soil of a biodegradable multi-constituent plastic material have been determined with standard test method based on the measurement evolved CO2. Three different were identified, possibly corresponding to (i) low molecular weight constituents, (ii) self-degradation biomass formed first phase, (iii) bulk polyesters. relationship between surface area and mineralization rate was using regression analysis. model suggests that if it technically possible form...

White collar (wc) mutants of Neurospora crassa are thought to be regulatory blocked in the photoinduction carotenogenesis. Eight new wc have been isolated after UV mutagenesis; their morphology and linear growth rate not altered, although blue light-induced carotenogenesis is completely blocked. All mutations fall into two complementation groups corresponding already-known wc-1 wc-2 loci. It shown that impair another light effect, protoperithecia formation, as well low constitutive...

The progressive application of new biodegradable plastics in agriculture calls for improved testing approaches to assure their environmental safety. Full biodegradation (≥90%) prevents accumulation soil, which is the first tier testing. specific ecotoxicity tests second needed show safety soil ecosystem. Soil microbial nitrification widely used as a bioindicator evaluating impact chemicals on but it not applied plastics. In this work International Standard test (ISO 17556, 2012) was both...

Biodegradable materials are used to make compostable products that expected be collected and recovered in specialist waste treatment plants. The appropriate targeting of their distribution marketing can bring systemic benefits by enabling improved organic recycling. At the same time, there is growing interest knowing environmental impacts solid has leaked into environment, including littering packaging waste. International Standard (ISO) test methods have been developed determine "ultimate"...

Abstract Blue light induces the formation of Neurospora crassa protoperithecia.This photoinduction is completed in less than 24 h. Its threshold about 4.2 J/m 2 . Red ineffective. The Bunsen‐Roscoe law obeyed at fluence 12.6 for rates from 5.25 × 10 to 1.05 W/m

This article describes a method for characterizing and classifying polymeric materials in terms of their potential to release persistent microplastics into the environment event littering. When product is released environment, it undergoes environmental degradation, which leads formation microplastics. It assumed that these add number present and, therefore, represent an additional ecological hazard biota, as long they circulate environment. The greater longer residence time chemical...

ABSTRACT Bioplastics made with renewable resources are now ready for full commercial exploitation. Starch‐based plastics an important class of bioplastics used to make biodegradable products. Biodegradability can contribute alleviating the waste problem our current society. In this paper, three case studies based on use starch‐based shown. Biodegradable products both reduce amount produced and increase material recycling landfill diversion. The analysed main effects shifting towards examined...

The idea that it is a risk to promote biodegradable mulch films on large scale becoming established at academic level based series of articles similar in approach and conclusions. However, critical analysis shows the results do not justify alarmist tones. negative effects hand-cut pieces virgin material added pots concentrations up 714 times application doses are ascribed "accumulation" "contamination" "residues" "debris" plastics. Yet, no accumulation contamination microplastics has...

The aim of this study was to evaluate two biodegradable polymeric systems as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Rat marrow cells were seeded and cultured 1 week on porous systems, one composed poly(ethylene glycol)-terephthalate/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEGT/PBT) the other cornstarch blended with poly(ε-caprolactone) (SPCL). Porous hydroxyapatite granules used controls. ability proliferate form extracellular matrix these assessed by a DNA quantification assay scanning electron...

Abstract The molecular and vibrational structures of cumulenic carbon chains are investigated by density functional theory calculations compared with that hydrogen‐capped polyynes. small value bond length alternation (BLA) along the CC bonds sequence obtained geometry optimization uncapped C n vinyl‐capped confirms their structure. It is demonstrated for finite structural parameters determined end effects as far Peierls distortion, expected very long molecules, does not occur. Raman spectra...

OPINION article Front. Microbiol., 05 September 2014Sec. Microbiotechnology Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00475

Biodegradable mulch films are used in agriculture for controlling weeds. The intrinsic biodegradability and safety of the is proven by using standard test methods laboratory. On other hand, degradation that occurs fields after use can be followed observing fragmentation disappearance over time. disintegration a relevant process, because persistent shreds interfere with subsequent crop disrupt agricultural cycle long term. Disintegration not proof biodegradation. If ultimate biodegradation,...