The Pseudomonas syringae cysteine protease AvrPphB activates the Arabidopsis resistance protein RPS5 by cleaving a second host protein, PBS1. induces defense responses in other plant species, but genes and mechanisms mediating recognition those species have not been defined. Here, we show that diverse barley cultivars. We also contains two PBS1 orthologs, their products are cleaved AvrPphB, response maps to single locus containing nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene, which...

Microbe-microbe interactions within the phytobiome, including those between endosymbiotic bacteria and their fungal hosts, influence plant health outcomes. Endohyphal (EHB) can modulate virulence survival of phytopathogenic fungi, making them both potential targets for control tools exploring biology. Fungal hosts may increase fitness bacterial symbionts, some which act as pathogens themselves. These relationships also result in an microbially produced phytohormones, influencing host other...

Symbioses of bacteria with fungi have only recently been described and are poorly understood. In the symbiosis Mycetohabitans (formerly Burkholderia) rhizoxinica fungus Rhizopus microsporus, bacterial type III (T3) secretion is known to be essential. Proteins resembling T3-secreted transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors plant pathogenic encoded in three sequenced spp. genomes. TAL nuclear-localize plants, where they bind activate genes important disease. The Burkholderia TAL-like (Btl)...

Interactions between microbes and their hosts have important outcomes for host environmental health. Foliar fungal endophytes that infect healthy plants can harbor facultative endosymbionts called endohyphal bacteria, which influence the outcome of plant-fungus interactions.

Pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris cause distinct diseases on different brassicaceous hosts. The genomic relationships among pathovars as well the genetic determinants host range and tissue specificity remain poorly understood despite decades research. Here, leveraging advances in multiplexed long-read technology, we fully sequenced genomes a collection X. strains isolated from cruciferous crops weeds New York California global collections, to investigate pathovar candidate genes for host-...

This article reports on a trace‐based assessment of approaches to learning used by middle school aged children who interacted with NASA Mars Mission science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) games in Whyville , an online game environment 8 million registered young learners. The objectives two included awareness knowledge missions, developing skills measurement scaling, applying for planetary comparisons the solar system. Trace data from 1361 interactions were analysed...

We isolated and described a yellow-pigmented strain of bacteria (strain 9143

Endofungal Mycetohabitans (formerly Burkholderia ) spp. rely on a type III secretion system to deliver mostly unidentified effector proteins when colonizing their host fungus, Rhizopus microsporus . The one known secreted family from consists of homologues transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors, which are used by plant pathogenic Xanthomonas and Ralstonia activate genes that promote disease. These ‘ TAL-like (Btl)’ bind corresponding specific DNA sequences in predictable manner, but...

Journal Article Speaking up in the Internet age: use and value of constituent e-mail congressional web-sites Get access M Carter Community Education Centre, OMB Watch, Washington, DC, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume 52, Issue 3, July 1999, Pages 464–479, https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/52.3.464 Published: 01 1999

In this article, we summarize the main takeaways from a symposium and hybrid virtual in-person participatory discussion focused on challenges of scale in understanding ecology management phyllosphere microbial communities. We provide an overview confounding effects spatial inference ecology, organization interactions phyllosphere, advances remaining gaps measuring colonization across scales, epidemiology phyllosphere. hope to motivate further development adoption creative approaches solving...

Disease spread of Pseudocercospora fijiensis, causal agent the black Sigatoka disease banana, depends on ascospores produced through sexual reproductive cycle. We used phylogenetic analysis to identify P. fijiensis homologs (PKS8-4 and Hybrid8-3) PKS4 polyketide synthases (PKS) from Neurospora crassa Sordaria macrospora involved in reproduction. These sequences also formed a clade with lovastatin, compactin, betaenone-producing PKS sequences. Transcriptome showed that both Hybrid8-3 PKS8-4...

Abstract The Pseudomonas syringae cysteine protease AvrPphB activates the Arabidopsis resistance protein RPS5 by cleaving a second host protein, PBS1. induces defense responses in other plant species, but genes and mechanisms mediating recognition those species have not been defined. Here, we show that diverse barley cultivars. We also contains two PBS1 orthologs, their products are cleaved AvrPphB, response maps to single locus containing nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene,...

The barley ( Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) disease-resistance protein AvrPphB Response 1 (PBR1) mediates recognition of the Pseudomonas syringae effector, AvrPphB. PBR1 belongs to coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat family. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms that lead PBR1-dependent cell death (hypersensitive reaction; HR) in response Here, we investigated immune signaling after Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression Nicotiana benthamiana. N-terminal...

This study aimed to examine the extent and nature of Australian news media coverage commercial industry activities that explicitly speak Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander contexts. We undertook content framing analysis newspaper online articles published between January 2018 March 2022 included terms related 'Indigenous', 'commercial' 'health'. Analysis focused on coverage, responsibility, patterns over time stakeholder representation. Forty-six were in analysis. Half these actions three...

The first of three International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (IS-MPMI) eSymposia was convened on 12 and 13 July 2021, with the theme "Molecular Mechanism & Structure-Zooming in Plant Immunity". Hosted by Jian-Min Zhou (Beijing, China) Jane Parker (Cologne, Germany), eSymposium centered "Top 10 Unanswered Questions MPMI" number five: Does effector-triggered immunity (ETI) potentiate restore pattern-triggered (PTI)-or is there really a binary distinction between ETI PTI?...

Fact vs. Fiction: Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in the Age of Fake News, is a book full resources and instructional strategies to help educators teach media literacy skills today’s fake news environment. Arguably, are needed now more than ever, this review provides brief overview key takeaways from each chapter.

ABSTRACT The barley ( Hordeum vulgare subsp. ) disease resistance protein Avr P ph B R esponse 1 (PBR1) mediates recognition of the Pseudomonas syringae effector, AvrPphB. PBR1 belongs to coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CNL) family. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms that lead PBR1-dependent cell death (hypersensitive reaction; HR) in response Here, we investigated immune signaling after Agrobacterium -mediated transient expression Nicotiana benthamiana ....

Abstract Symbioses of bacteria with fungi have only recently been described and are poorly understood. In the symbiosis Mycetohabitans (formerly Burkholderia ) rhizoxinica fungus Rhizopus microsporus , bacterial type III (T3) secretion is known to be essential. Proteins resembling T3-secreted transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors plant pathogenic encoded in three sequenced spp. genomes. TAL nuclear localize plants, where they bind activate genes important disease. The TAL-like (Btl)...

ABSTRACT Trypanosoma brucei is an early branching protozoan that causes Human and Animal African Trypanosomiasis. Forward genetics approaches are powerful tools for uncovering novel aspects of Trypanosomatid biology, pathogenesis, therapeutic against trypanosomiasis. Here we have generated a T. ORFeome consisting over 90% the targeted genome used it to make inducible Gain-of-Function library broadly applicable forward genetic screening. Using critical drug last resort, melarsoprol, conducted...

Abstract Luteibacter species are found throughout agricultural and plant associated microbial communities, have largely been identified classified through comparisons of the 16S rRNA genes. Through classifications with whole genome phylogenies ANI, we highlight a somewhat unique situation whereby pinisoli sp. 9143 would be as same using sequences but clearly differentiated by these other metrics. We present this case an outlier, also example for challenges classification solely gene sequences.

Summary/Abstract Pseudomonas syringae is a diverse phytopathogenic species complex, and includes strains that can cause disease across wide variety of plant species. Much previous research into the molecular basis immunity infection has focused on pathogen responses in handful model hosts, with tacit assumption early steps host resistance are generalizable to complex hosts as whole. Here, we provide test this by measuring dual transcriptomes two distinct pathogenic lineages P. during...

ABSTRACT Symbiosis with bacteria is widespread among eukaryotes, including fungi. Bacteria that live within fungal mycelia (endohyphal bacteria) occur in many plant-associated fungi, diverse Mucoromycota and Dikarya. Pestalotiopsis sp. 9143 a filamentous ascomycete isolated originally as foliar endophyte of Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae). It infected naturally the endohyphal bacterium Luteibacter 9143, which influences auxin enzyme production by its host. Previous studies have used...