Abstract Ferroic materials play an increasingly important role in novel (nano)electronic devices. Recently, research on domain walls (DWs) receives a big boost by the discovery of DW conductivity (DWC) BiFeO 3 and Pb(Zr x Ti 1‐x )O ferroic thin films. Here, it is demonstrated that DWC not restricted to films, but equally applies millimeter‐thick wide‐bandgap, single crystals, such as LiNbO . In this material transport along DWs can be switched super‐bandgap illumination tuned engineering...

Domain walls (DWs) in ferroelectric/ferroic materials have been a central research focus for the last 50 years; DWs bear multitude of extraordinary physical parameters within unit-cell-sized lateral confinement. Especially, one outstanding feature has recently attracted lot attention room-temperature applications, which is potential to use as two-dimensional (2D) conducting channels that completely penetrate bulk compounds. wall currents lithium niobate (LNO) so far lie lower pA regime. In...

Cherenkov second-harmonic generation (CSHG) is a powerful tool for three-dimensional domain wall profiling in ferroic bulk crystals. Here, we apply this noninvasive technique tracking head-to-head charged walls (CDWs) across millimeter-thick ferroelectric single-crystalline lithium niobate. CSHG sensitively reveals the inclination $\ensuremath{\alpha}>0$ of any such CDW with superb optical resolution. Moreover, deduce fully CDWs ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$ = 90${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$) to be...

Challenges in the fields of renewable energy harvesting, data storage, and nanoelectronics have resparked interest ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) as tunable, nanoscale elements. However, study such structures has mostly relied on 2-dimensional, rather slow imaging techniques scanning probe microscopy. Therefore, Cherenkov second harmonic generation (CSHG) microscopy been established a technique suitable for nondestructive DWs their 3-dimensional (3D) evolution. Here, we report real-time...

We report on both the assembly of noble-metal nanowires by means nanotechnological and large-scale integrable approach ferroelectric lithography their performance testing upon electrical transport. Our results LiNbO3 single crystal templates show that deposition different elemental metals from ionic solutions photochemical reduction is confined to 180° domain walls. Current−voltage-characteristics recorded such typically 30−300 μm in length revealed an Ohmic behavior even improved with time....

Ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) do not only affect the properties of a ferroelectric material, but they also exhibit themselves fascinating functionalities. Hence, it is quite evident that pathway DWs major interest. Whereas, for thin films, mapping pattern at samples' surface usually sufficient to obtain information wanted, this case bulk samples. Indeed, extrapolating from images patterns three-dimensional (3D) behavior is, in general, adequate. In order overcome problem, we developed 3D...

The electrical impedance properties of UV-illuminated (λ = 310 nm) charged, conductive domain walls (CDWs) in 5 mol% magnesium-doped lithium niobate (LNO) single crystals are investigated on the nm-length scale using nanoimpedance microscopy (NIM) as well by comparing macroscopically measured complex response between multi- and single-domain LNO samples. Similar to case dc conductivity, a higher conductivity (DWs) compared bulk insulating matrix was observed. contrast DWs is most pronounced...

Ferroelectric domain wall conductance is a rapidly growing field. Thin-film lithium niobate, as in niobate on insulators (LNOI), appears to be an ideal template, which tuned by the inclination of wall. Thus, precise tuning with applied voltage can used non-volatile memories, store more than binary information. In this study, we present realization concept for memories. We obtain remarkably stable set voltages ferroelectric nature device well very large increase conduction, at least five...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Vapor Pressure of Some StannanesR. H. BullardR. BullardMore by R. Bullard and A. C. HaussmannA. HaussmannMore HaussmannCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1930, 34, 4, 743–747Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1930https://doi.org/10.1021/j150310a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum full text...

We present the first in situ 3D observation of domain wall dynamics close to a ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition, which we obtain via second‐harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM). Showing pure second‐order transition at its Curie temperature 49 °C, triglycine sulfate (TGS) is model ferroelectric material study such transitions. After annealing, TGS various qualitatively different patterns, e.g., stripes or small lenticular domains, have been reported so far. By applying SHGM, can...

Abstract Here the concept of a 2D resistor network (2D RN) is applied in order to model electrical conductivity along sheet‐like domain walls (DWs) single crystalline lithium niobate (sc‐LNO). The only input RN modeling approach DW inclination angle distribution, as measured previously with respect polar c ‐axis. simulations then show that Ohmic resistors not adequately accounts for different boundary conditions envisaged experiments, but equally well provides direct link between local wall...

This topical review presents an overview of the common and less observations rainbows in natural rainfall, theoretical concepts that have been developed for their explanation. Mainly throughout last 20 years, many new intriguing effects photographed or documented first time, such as higher-order (tertiary, quaternary, etc) twinned rainbows, well generated by nearby artificial light sources. In order to provide a sound explanation, inclusion non-spherical (i.e. oblate) raindrop shapes broad...

The first likely photographic observation of the tertiary rainbow caused by sunlight in open air is reported and analyzed. Whereas primary secondary rainbows are rather common easily seen phenomena atmospheric optics, appears sunward side sky thus largely masked forward scattered light. Up to now, only a few visual reports no reliable photographs known. Evidence third-order has been obtained using image processing techniques on digital photograph that contains obvious indication such...

We observed a multiphoton luminescence contrast between virgin and single-switched domains in Mg-doped LiNbO3 (LNO) LiTaO3 (LTO) single crystals with different doping levels of 0–7 mol. % 0–8 %, respectively. A the range 3% was measured as-grown electrically inverted domain areas Mg:LNO samples, while reaches values up to 30% for Mg:LTO case. Under annealing, an exponential decay observed. The activation energy about 1 eV being determined allowed comparison reported energies associated...

In this review article, we discuss photoluminescence phenomena mediated by polarons in lithium niobate (LNO). At first present the fundamentals on polaron states LNO and their energy levels, i.e., free bound electron polarons, hole as well bipolarons. We absorption measurements reduced doped that made characterization of formed possible bands. Next, proceed reporting two polaron-mediated bands have been observed LNO: (1) A near-infrared luminescence band range 1.5 eV shows a mono-exponential...

The domain structure of uniaxial ferroelectric lithium niobate single crystals is investigated using Raman spectroscopy mapping. influence doping with magnesium and poling at room temperature studied by analysing frequency shifts walls their variations dopant concentration annealing conditions. It shown that defects are stabilized changes in the defect structures Mg can be probed shift modes. We show signatures polar bulk differ.

We report on differentiating antiparallel ferroelectric domains in congruent Mg-doped LiNbO3 (Mg:LNO) single crystals through a multiphoton photoluminescence technique. Sample illumination with femtosecond laser pulses at λ = 790 nm results broad emission spectrum revealing domain contrast of >3% between virgin and inverted domains. The decreases via annealing shows an exponential decay the temperature range from 80 to 150 °C. Our findings give clear ground thermally induced...

Domain-wall conductivity (DWC) in ferroelectrics receives a lot of attention these days, as it involves confined two-dimensional electron gas at room temperature, which seems promising for devices. This study finds that neighboring domain walls (DWs) periodically-poled LiNbO${}_{3}$ exhibit opposite DWC behavior: A head-to-head configuration favors transport, while tail-to-tail inhibits it. asymmetric conduction is quantified using quantum-mechanical model also accounts the observed DW...

Conducting domain walls (CDWs) in ferroelectric materials are promising candidates for applications a manifold of nanoscale, optoelectronic devices.

We probe here the optical relaxation properties of Mg-doped wide-band-gap ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ single crystals with both a high spectral and temporal resolution at cryogenic temperatures. Surprisingly, we observe photoluminescence to decay in two-step process: fast slower one centered around an energy ${E}_{max}$ = 2.62 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ eV. Both decays fit well stretched-exponential behavior. Moreover, are able associate these energies recombination light-induced...

A photograph of a twinned rainbow, obtained on 11 May, 2012, in Dresden, Germany, is precisely calibrated with respect to lens projection and camera orientation. Since the twinning was only located part picture, it possible read out red-green-blue intensity data from both nontwinned position rainbow. These were fitted modeled spectra for polydisperse drop distributions, which calculated Debye series algorithm shifted scattering angle account nonspherical shape natural raindrops. The shift...

The structure of domain walls (DW) in ferroelectric media is great interest as this material used for frequency doublers and other applications. We show that the DWs can nicely be visualized by high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT). While group refractive index lithium niobate allows a much better than 1 µm, large dispersion blur image has to compensated. Therefore, we developed an adaptive compensation algorithm based on maximizing intensity DWs. By measuring DWs, mean period...

We apply here spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) for the precise detection and temporal tracking of ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) in magnesium‐doped periodically poled lithium niobate (Mg:PPLN). reproducibly map static DWs at an axial (depth) resolution down to ∼ 0.6 μm, being located up 0.5 mm well inside single crystalline Mg:PPLN sample. show that a full 3‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction DW geometry is possible from collected data, when applying special algorithm...