A5060643962- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Archaeology and Historical Studies
- Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Plant and animal studies
- Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Forest ecology and management
- Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Aeolian processes and effects
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
Stellenbosch University
2014-2024
Emory University
2024
Johns Hopkins University
2024
Grady Memorial Hospital
2024
Public Health Foundation Enterprises
2024
Bayer (United States)
2020
RMIT University
2008-2013
The University of Melbourne
2012
South African National Biodiversity Institute
2003-2006
Frankfurt Zoological Society
2006
The combination of daclatasvir, a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor, and the NS5B inhibitor sofosbuvir has shown efficacy in patients with HCV monoinfection. Data are lacking on safety this coinfected human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1).This was an open-label study involving 151 who had not received treatment 52 previously treated patients, all whom were HIV-1. Previously untreated randomly assigned 2:1 ratio to receive either 12 weeks or 8 daclatasvir at standard dose 60 mg daily...
BackgroundTwice-yearly subcutaneous lenacapavir has been shown to be efficacious for prevention of HIV infection in cisgender women. The efficacy preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) men, transgender women, and gender-nonbinary persons is unclear.MethodsIn this phase 3, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled trial, we randomly assigned participants a 2:1 ratio receive every 26 weeks or daily oral emtricitabine–tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF). primary analysis compared the incidence...
Estimation and monitoring of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is important for maintaining productivity meeting climate change mitigation targets. Current global SOC maps do not provide enough detail landscape-scale decision making, allow tracking sequestration or loss over time. Using an optical satellite-driven machine learning workflow, we mapped (topsoil; 0 to 30 cm) under natural vegetation (86% land area) South Africa at m spatial resolution between 1984 2019. We estimate a total...
Abstract Ecosystem carbon storage in intact thicket the Eastern Cape, South Africa exceeds 20 kg/m 2 , which is an unusually large amount for a semiarid ecosystem. Heavy browsing by goats transforms into open savanna and can result losses greater than 8.5 . Restoration of using cuttings dominant succulent shrub Portulacaria afra could return biodiversity to transformed landscape, earn credits on international markets, reduce soil erosion, increase wildlife carrying capacity, improve water...
Many of the skills and resources associated with botanic gardens arboreta, including plant taxonomy, horticulture, seed bank management, are fundamental to ecological restoration efforts, yet few world's involved in science or practice restoration. Thus, we examined potential role these emerging fields. We believe a reorientation certain existing institutional strengths, such as plant-based research knowledge transfer, would enable many more worldwide provide effective science-based support...
Commonly cited requirements for bridging the “science‑practice divide” between practitioners and scientists include: political support, communication experimentation. The Subtropical Thicket Restoration Programme was established in 2004 to catalyse investment large-scale restoration of degraded subtropical thicket Eastern Cape, South Africa. Political support has been strong, with African government investing more than US$8 million into programme. Communication occurred regularly among a...
Abstract Improvements in land use and management are needed at a global scale to tackle interconnected challenges of population growth, poverty, migration, climate change, biodiversity loss, degrading water resources. There hundreds technical options for improving the sustainability preventing or reversing degradation, but there many sociocultural, institutional, economic, policy barriers hindering their adoption large scale. To this challenge, Dryland Systems Program Consultative Group...
The advent of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies has dramatically transformed HCV treatment, with most recent trials demonstrating high efficacy rates (>90%) across all genotypes and special populations, including patients HIV/HCV coinfection. treatment are nearly identical between monofection coinfection; however, there limited studies to compare real-world observed in clinical trials. Using a database from HIV clinics the United States (US), we identified 432 coinfection who completed...
Relationships were sought between infiltrability and the properties of hundreds surface soils (pedoderms) sampled across Namibia western South Africa. Infiltrability was determined using a laboratory method, calibrated against rainfall simulator, which measures passage suspension soil in distilled water through small column packed with same soil. Other EC, pH, water-soluble cations anions, ammonium acetate-extractable cations, organic C, total N, 7-fraction particle size distribution,...
Abstract Intensive pastoralism with goats transforms semiarid thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa from a dense vegetation of tall shrubs to an open landscape dominated by ephemeral grasses and forbs. Approx. 800 000 ha (which prior introduction had closed canopy Portulacaria afra Jacq . component) have been transformed this manner. Ecosystem C storage intact loss due transformation were quantified. Carbon was surprisingly high for region, average 76 t −1 living biomass surface litter...
The regeneration dynamics of South African subtropical thicket are poorly understood. This lack knowledge hampers the development appropriate restoration protocols in degraded landscapes. To address this we compared magnitude seed production and frequency seedlings canopy species intact browsing-degraded forms Portulacaria afra-dominated thicket. Severe browsing had a negative impact on sexual reproduction species. Seed for all was lower than states both vegetation types. In case seedlings,...
Semi-arid succulent thicket in South Africa has experienced extensive livestock-induced transformation, reflected structural changes and loss of biodiversity, biomass soil carbon. The ecological mechanisms contributing to this transformation are not fully understood but believed include the breakdown ecosystem processes including litter production decomposition, which rate-limiting steps nutrient cycling incorporation organic matter into soil. In study we investigated effect on decomposition...
Abstract An accepted criterion for measuring the success of ecosystem restoration is return biodiversity relative to intact reference ecosystems. The emerging global carbon economy has made landscape‐scale severely degraded Portulacaria afra (spekboom)‐dominated subtropical thicket, by planting multiple rows spekboom truncheons, a viable land‐use option. Although large amounts are sequestered when monoculture spekboom, it unknown whether this associated with other thicket components. We used...