A5008075048- Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
- Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
- Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
- solar cell performance optimization
- Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
- Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
- Micro and Nano Robotics
- 3D IC and TSV technologies
- Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence
- Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
- Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
- Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
- Advanced optical system design
- Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
2016-2024
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)
2020
Fraunhofer Society
1989-2018
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2017
Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration
2004-2009
IMS Nanofabrication (Austria)
2008
CEA LETI
2008
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
2008
Carl Zeiss (Germany)
2006
Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems
2006
We report an experimental study on ion-exchange-based modular microswimmers in low-salt water. Cationic ion-exchange particles and passive cargo assemble into self-propelling complexes, showing self-propulsion at speeds of several micrometers per second over extended distances times. quantify the assembly speed complexes for different combinations particles, substrate types, salt types concentrations, cell geometries. Irrespective boundary conditions, we observe a regular development shape...
Integrated applications for solar energy production becomes increasingly important. The electrification of car bodies and building facades are only two prominent examples. In such shading a challenging problem, since the classic serial interconnection cells in terms power output is highly vulnerable to partial shading. this article, we investigate three most common module layouts market (conventional, butterfly, shingle string) add fourth layout (shingle matrix) be introduced future. We...
Cutting silicon solar cells from their host wafer into smaller reduces the output current per cut cell and therefore allows for reduced ohmic losses in series interconnection at module level. This comes with a trade-off of unpassivated cutting edges, which result power losses. performance drop can be seen fill factor FF open-circuit voltage V OC on Based experimental realization different layouts same industrial blue wafers (solar precursors), combined simulation method to predict level is...
Abstract This work deals with the resistance induced by interconnecting shingle solar cells means of an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA), which is labeled R int throughout work. A new approach to measure directly from joints actual strings presented and evaluated. For non‐laminated two different ECAs that are applied as a continuous line on shingles edge length 158.75 mm, similar interconnection ≈ 2.5 mΩ found. In full‐size module, such would result in cell‐to‐module loss around Δ P...
Micro-fluidic pumps as well artificial micro-swimmers are conveniently realized exploiting phoretic solvent flows based on local gradients of temperature, electrolyte concentration or pH. We here present a facile micro-photometric method for monitoring pH and demonstrate its performance scope different experimental situations including an electro-osmotic pump modular assembled from ion exchange resin beads polystyrene colloids. In combination with the microscope DSLR camera our offers 2 \mu...
This work deals with shingle solar modules, in particular the interconnection of cells by using an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA), as well simply overlapping same type but omitting ECA. For both types interconnection, resistance due to Rint and corresponding cell-to-module (CTM) power loss ΔPMPP case a full-size module are quantified, finding ≈ 0.26 mΩ −0.4 W for ECA-based 0.86 −1.2 ECA-free interconnection. The mainly focuses on methodology used derive these numbers from...
Abstract Modeling of solar modules and their components is essential to quantify geometrical, optical, electrical losses improve the designs technologies in terms performance. In most loss analysis models, current share among busbars cell assumed be equal since a symmetrical distribution metallization given. The impact string terminal connection on ribbons resulting changes ohmic has not been studied yet. this study, MATLAB model developed consider connector position connector. allows for...
Within the last years, a new characterization method for solar modules called Magnetic Field Imaging (MFI) has been introduced. MFI reveals strength as well direction of currents flowing within by analyzing magnetic field distribution and thereby allows to trace back electrical defects. our work, we demonstrate how can be exploited characterize that contain stripe-like cells interconnected in roof tile manner - so shingle modules. In comparison conventional modules, yield potential higher...
With the willingness of semiconductor industry to push manufacturing costs down, mask less lithography solution represents a promising option deal with cost and complexity concerns about optical solution. Though real interest, development multi beam tools still remains in laboratory environment. In frame seventh European Framework Program (FP7), new project, MAGIC, started January 1st 2008 objective strengthen technology. The aim program is develop systems from MAPPER IMS nanofabrication...
In this paper, we present a proof of concept study for quantitative method shunt detection in silicon solar cells using photoluminescence imaging. The is based on interpretation the luminescence intensity around local terms extracted current density. theoretical relationship between PL signal and derived. Experimental results specifically prepared test structures, intentionally shunted monocrystalline industrial multicrystalline are presented compared to values from dark IV, SunsVoc Lock...
Laser ablation processes provide a potentially low cost and fast technology for microstructuring semiconductors, metals, or dielectrics. This paper deals with picosecond laser (λ = 532 nm, τ ≈ 9 ps) of III-V semiconductors. In particular, the external threshold fluence thermal is determined InP, GaAs, GaP. Furthermore, applicability to electrical separation solar cells discussed. this context, current-voltage characteristics are presented comparing GaInP single-junction separated by...
We demonstrate a bifaciality of 88.0% for 6-inch bifacial p-type Cz-Si passivated emitter and rear cells (biPERC) increase their side energy conversion efficiency to 18.0% by minor adaptions in the fabrication sequence. utilize “pPassDop” concept on cells’ that applies an aluminum oxide boron-doped silicon nitride (SiN <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</inf> :B layer stack simultaneous passivation doping source. Laser forms local...
Abstract We present two approaches for high‐accuracy aligning of patterning processes with each other when fabricating solar cells. introduce the on example different which one is adjustable (laser process) and not (screen‐printing process). The basic idea to measure coordinates applied structures involved process at discrete grid points respect a reference coordinate system. chose such that they completely define final cell pattern. Then, we adjust point (the laser according pattern...
Simulation results concerning laser-doped selective emitters (LDSE) for the phosphorous doped front side of passivated emitter and rear solar cells are presented. We introduce a formula different doping profiles to study influence on dark saturation current density at emitter-metal interface j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0e,met</sub> . It is shown that can be reduced by deep heavily-doped LDSEs. In addition, we report how...
We apply phosphorus-doped silicon nitride (SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> :P) layers on the front surface of <italic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> -type Czochralski-grown (Cz-Si) passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC). The are formed using industrial-type plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. They provide excellent passivation with implied open-circuit voltages <inline-formula...
This work deals with solar modules made from rectangular-shaped cell strips, so-called shingles, that are interconnected by overlapping one another. For the fabrication of such modules, host cells cut into several shingles resulting in unpassivated shingle edges and relevant recombination losses. As discussed this based on simulations, quantifying these losses module level is not straightforward ideally done referring to pseudo fill factor pFF. In context, it shown passivating depositing a...
We report an experimental study on ion-exchange based modular micro-swimmers in low-salt water. Cationic particles and passive cargo assemble into self-propelling complexes, showing self-propulsion at speeds of several microns per second over extended distances times. quantify the assembly speed complexes for different combinations ion exchange particles, substrate types, salt types concentrations, cell geometries. Irrespective boundary conditions, we observe a regular development shape with...