A5050218792- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Child Abuse and Trauma
- Infant Health and Development
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Child Development and Digital Technology
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Personality Traits and Psychology
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
- Neural dynamics and brain function
Pennsylvania State University
2015-2024
Park University
2022
University of Maryland, College Park
2021
University of Missouri
2003-2020
Liberal Arts University
2019
Clarion University
2018
University of Wisconsin–Madison
1996-1998
The role of the mother-toddler attachment relationship in moderating relations between behavioral inhibition and changes salivary cortisol levels response to novel events was examined 77 18-month-olds. Behavioral determined by observing toddler approach several events. Attachment security mother assessed using Ainsworth Strange Situation. Changes were used index activity stress-sensitive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. In addition, coping behaviors mothers help toddlers...
Seventy-three 18-month-olds were tested in the Ainsworth Strange Situation. These children a subset of 83 infants at 2, 4, 6, and 15 months during their well-baby examinations with inoculations. Salivary cortisol, behavioral distress, maternal responsiveness measures obtained these clinic visits examined relation to attachment classifications. In addition, parental report children's social fearfulness 2nd year life used classify into high-fearful versus average- low-fearful groups. year,...
Using samples of twins and singletons totaling 715 individuals, the authors document heritable influences on various temperamental dimensions during toddler preschooler age ranges, which have been somewhat understudied relative to infants older adolescents. In contrast instruments prior literature is based, Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire Children's offer assessment positive affectivity (separately from negative affectivity) emotional regulation. Positive affect reveals substantial...
Abstract The now‐classic article “What Is Temperament? Four Approaches” by H. Goldsmith et al. (1987) brought together originators of four prominent temperament theories—Rothbart, Thomas and Chess, Buss Plomin, Goldsmith—to address foundational questions about the nature temperament. This reviews what has been learned in intervening 25 years, It begins with an updating 1987 consensus definition that integrates more complex current findings. Next, 4 “progeny” trained original traditions...
Emotion regulation has been conceptualized as the extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, facilitating, inhibiting heightened levels of positive negative affect. Regulation distress is related to use certain behavioral strategies. Our study examined whether putative regulatory behaviors widely assumed be conceptually associated with these strategies are actually empirically changes in fearful angry 6-, 12-, 18-month-old infants. key finding was that some (e.g.,...
Although several studies have examined anterior asymmetric brain electrical activity and cortisol in infants, children, adults, the direct association between asymmetry has not systematically been reported. In nonhuman primates, greater relative right activation associated with higher levels. The current study examines relation frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) (basal reactive) withdrawal-related behaviors (fear sadness) 6-month-old infants. As predicted, authors found that basal...
The current study tests a model of risk for anxiety in fearful toddlers characterized by the regulation intensity withdrawal behavior across variety contexts.Participants included 111, low-risk, 24-month-old followed longitudinally each year through fall their kindergarten year.The key hypothesis was that being situations are relatively low threat (i.e., predictable, controllable, and which children have many coping resources) is an early precursor to development as measured parent teacher...
The putative association between fear-related behaviors and peripheral sympathetic neuroendocrine reactivity has not been replicated consistently. This inconsistency was addressed in a reexamination of the characterization children with extreme fearful reactions by focusing on match distress eliciting context. Eighty 24-month-old were observed 4 mildly threatening contexts, relations among different measures behaviors, reactive basal cortisol levels, baseline cardiac heart rate, respiratory...
Abstract Mobile device use has become increasingly prevalent, yet its impact on infant development remains largely unknown. When parents mobile devices in front of infants, the parent is physically present but most likely distracted and unresponsive. Research using classic Still Face Paradigm (SFP) suggests that parental withdrawal unresponsiveness may have negative consequences for children's social‐emotional development. In study, 50 infants aged 7.20 to 23.60 months ( M = 15.40, SD 4.74)...
Despite implications that stranger fear is an important aspect of developing behavioral inhibition, a known risk factor for anxiety, normative and atypical developmental trajectories across infancy toddlerhood remain understudied. We used large, longitudinal data set (N = 1285) including multi-trait, multi-method assessments temperament to examine the course development explore possibility individual differences exist in between 6 36 months age. A latent class growth analysis suggested four...
Although cognitive theories of psychopathology suggest that attention bias toward threat plays a role in the etiology and maintenance anxiety, there is relatively little evidence regarding individual differences earliest development threat. The current study examines during its potential first emergence by evaluating relations between known risk factors anxiety (i.e., temperamental negative affect maternal anxiety). We measured to emotional faces infants (N = 98; 57 male) ages 4 24 months an...
Fearful temperament is associated with risk for the development of social anxiety disorder in childhood; however, not all fearful children become anxious. Identifying maladaptive trajectories thus important clarifying which are at risk. In an unselected sample 111 two-year-olds (55% male, 95% Caucasian), Buss ( 2011 ) identified a pattern behavior, dysregulated fear, characterized by high fear low threat situations. This behavior predicted parent- and teacher-reported withdrawn/anxious...
Fear and anxiety play a central role in the lives of humans other animals, there is considerable interest clarifying their nature, identifying biological underpinnings, determining consequences for health disease. Although important strides have been made over past half-century, it has become clear that our understanding remains far from complete. Here we provide roundtable discussion on nature bases fear- anxiety-related states, traits, psychiatric disorders. The discussants include...
The authors explored the genetic and environmental underpinnings of individual differences in temperament with a sample 604 3- to 16-month-old infant twins their parents. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), subsample 140 9-month-old participated behavioral assessment laboratory as well. For IBQ Smiling Laughter Duration Orienting, both additive shared effects were needed best represent data. Shared fully accounted for cotwin similarity Soothability, conversely,...
This study, based on a sample of 172 children, examined the relation between average afternoon salivary cortisol levels measured at home age 4.5 years and socioemotional adjustment year half later, as reported by mothers, fathers, teachers. Cortisol were hypothesized to be positively associated with withdrawal‐type behaviors (e.g., internalizing, social wariness) inversely related approach‐type behaviors, both negative positive externalizing, school engagement). Higher predicted more...
Abstract This study applies a minimally invasive and multi‐system measurement approach (using salivary analytes) to examine associations between the psychobiology of stress response affective behavior in toddlers. Eighty‐seven 2‐year‐olds (48 females) participated laboratory tasks designed elicit emotions ranging from pleasure/approach fear/withdrawal. Saliva samples were collected pretask immediately posttask, assayed for markers sympathetic nervous system (alpha‐amylase or sAA)...
In this study, we examined a new method for quantifying individual variability using dynamic measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). This incorporated temporal variation into the measurement RSA and provided information beyond that offered by more traditional quantifications such as difference scores. Dynamic static change in were tested relation to displays emotion affective behaviors during fear-eliciting episode sample 88 typically developing high-fear toddlers laboratory visit at...
Research has demonstrated that humans detect threatening stimuli more rapidly than nonthreatening stimuli. Although the literature presumes biases for threat should be normative, present early in development, evident across multiple forms of threat, and stable individuals, developmental work this area is limited. Here, we examine differences infants' (4- to 24-month-olds) attention social (angry faces) nonsocial (snakes) threats using a new age-appropriate dot-probe task. In Experiment 1,...