A5001230041- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Drilling and Well Engineering
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond
- Space exploration and regulation
Science Systems and Applications (United States)
2013-2025
National Institute of Aerospace
2019-2024
Langley Research Center
2015-2024
Total (Belgium)
2023-2024
Total (France)
2024
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory
2017
American Meteorological Society
2017
Charles River Laboratories (Netherlands)
2016
Science Applications International Corporation (United States)
2013
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2009-2011
[1] The variability of stratospheric aerosol loading between 1985 and 2010 is explored with measurements from SAGE II, CALIPSO, GOMOS/ENVISAT, OSIRIS/Odin space-based instruments. We find that, following the 1991 eruption Mount Pinatubo, levels increased by as much two orders magnitude only reached "background levels" 1998 2002. From 2002 onwards, a systematic increase has been reported number investigators. Recently, trend, based on ground-based lidar measurements, tentatively attributed to...
Abstract. We describe the construction of a continuous 38-year record stratospheric aerosol optical properties. The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology, or GloSSAC, provided input data to Climate Model Intercomparison Project forcing set (1979–2014) and we have extended it through 2016 following an identical process. GloSSAC focuses on Gas Experiment (SAGE) series instruments mid-2005, Optical Spectrograph InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared...
The first four years of the CALIPSO lidar measurements have revealed existence an aerosol layer at tropopause level associated with Asian monsoon season in June, July and August. This Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) extends geographically from Eastern Mediterranean (down to North Africa) Western China Thailand), vertically 13 18 km. Scattering Ratio inferred shows values between 1.10. 1.15 on average depolarization ratio less than 5%. Gaussian distribution points indicates that mean value is...
Abstract Understanding the cooling effect of recent volcanoes is particular interest in context post‐2000 slowing rate global warming. Satellite observations aerosol optical depth above 15 km have demonstrated that small‐magnitude volcanic eruptions substantially perturb incoming solar radiation. Here we use lidar, Aerosol Robotic Network, and balloon‐borne to provide evidence currently available satellite databases neglect substantial amounts between tropopause at middle high latitudes...
The evolution of the aerosols in tropical stratosphere since beginning Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission June 2006 is investigated using with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar data. It shown that current operational calibration requires adjustment tropics. Indeed, on basis assumption pure Rayleigh scattering between 30 34 km leads to an average underestimation ratio by 6% because significant amount up 35 altitude tropics, contrast...
Abstract We describe and show results from a series of field campaigns that used balloonborne instruments launched India Saudi Arabia during the summers 2014–17 to study nature, formation, impacts Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The campaign goals were i) characterize optical, physical, chemical properties ATAL; ii) assess its on water vapor ozone; iii) understand role convection in formation. To address these objectives, we 68 balloons four locations, one three India, with payload...
Abstract Despite their potential to slow global warming, until recently, the radiative forcing associated with volcanic aerosols in lowermost stratosphere (LMS) had not been considered. Here we study aerosol changes using lidar measurements from NASA CALIPSO satellite and aircraft IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory. Between 2008 2012 volcanism frequently affected Northern Hemisphere loadings, whereas Southern generally loadings close background conditions. We show that half of stratospheric optical...
Data products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) were recently updated following implementation of new (version 4) calibration algorithms for all level 1 attenuated backscatter measurements. In this work we present motivation version 4 nighttime 532 nm parallel channel calibration. The is most fundamental CALIOP data, since CALIOP's other radiometric procedures - i.e., daytime 1064 calibrations...
Abstract Volcanic eruptions are important causes of natural variability in the climate system at all time scales. Assessments impact volcanic by models almost universally assume that sulfate aerosol is only radiatively active material. We report satellite observations from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) after eruption Mount Kelud (Indonesia) 13 February 2014 materials lower stratosphere. Using these...
Abstract. We describe the challenges associated with interpretation of extinction coefficient measurements by Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) in presence clouds. In particular, we have found that tropospheric aerosol analyses are highly dependent on a robust method for identifying when clouds affect measured coefficient. Herein, an improved cloud identification appears to capture cloud/aerosol events more effectively than early methods. addition, summarize additional...
Abstract. We use nighttime measurements from the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite, together with a Lagrangian trajectory model, to study initial dispersion of volcanic aerosol eruption Mt. Nabro (Ethiopia/Eritrea) in June 2011. The reached upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS) directly, plume was initially entrained by flow surrounding Asian anticyclone, which prevails UTLS Mediterranean Sea East Asia during boreal summer. CALIPSO...
Abstract Previous work with a simple climate model has suggested global cooling impact of increasing stratospheric aerosol. Here we use comprehensive Earth System Model including coupled atmosphere and ocean components to show that aerosol since the late 1990s reduced warming by at least 0.07 C present further will occur if observed trend continues end this decade. This result confirms previous suggests models do not account for increase overestimate small but notable degree. An additional...
Abstract. The article presents new high-quality continuous stratospheric aerosol observations spanning 1994–2015 at the French Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP, 44° N, 6° E) obtained by two independent, regularly maintained lidar systems operating within Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Lidar series are compared with global-coverage Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II), Global Ozone Monitoring Occultation Stars (GOMOS), Optical Spectrograph...
Abstract During an extended volcanic unrest starting in 2017, two main moderate stratospheric eruptions occurred at the Ambae volcano (15°S and 167°E), Vanuatu, April July 2018. Observations from a geostationary orbit show that injected plume into lower stratosphere. While aerosol enhancements eruption have only had impact on Southern Hemisphere, was distributed within branch of Brewer–Dobson circulation to both hemispheres. Satellite, ground‐based situ observations background is enhanced...
Abstract The relatively muted warming of the surface and lower troposphere since 1998 has attracted considerable attention. One contributory factor to this “warming hiatus” is an increase in volcanically induced cooling over early 21st century. Here we identify signals late 20th century volcanic activity multiple observed climate variables. Volcanic are statistically discernible spatial averages tropical near‐global SST, tropospheric temperature, net clear‐sky short‐wave radiation,...
Abstract. After 43 years of inactivity, the Calbuco volcano, which is located in southern part Chile, erupted on 22 April 2015. The space–time evolutions (distribution and transport) its aerosol plume are investigated by combining satellite (CALIOP, IASI, OMPS), situ counting (LOAC OPC) lidar observations, MIMOSA advection model. reached Indian Ocean 1 week after eruption. Over Reunion Island site (21° S, 55.5° E), signal was unambiguously enhanced comparison with background conditions, a...
Abstract The Southern Hemisphere Antarctic stratosphere experienced two noteworthy events in 2015: a significant injection of sulfur from the Calbuco volcanic eruption Chile April and record‐large ozone hole October November. Here we quantify Calbuco's influence on stratospheric depletion austral spring 2015 using observations an Earth system model. We analyze ozonesondes, as well data Microwave Limb Sounder. employ Community System Model, version 1, with Whole Atmosphere Climate Model...
This paper presents stratospheric aerosol climate records developed in the framework of Aerosol_cci project, one 14 parallel projects from ESA Climate Change Initiative. These data were processed a dataset derived GOMOS experiment, using an inversion algorithm optimized for retrieval, called AerGOM. They provide suite parameters, such as extinction coefficient at different wavelengths UV–visible range. The record includes total well separate fields liquid sulfate aerosols and polar clouds...
Abstract Droughts have become more severe and recurrent over the Indian sub-continent during second half of twentieth century, leading to hydro-climatic socio-economic impacts one most densely populated parts world. So far, droughts mostly been connected circulation changes concomitant with abnormal warming Pacific Ocean, prevalently known as “El Niño”. Here, exploiting observational data sets a series dedicated sensitivity experiments, we show that severity El Niño is amplified (17%) by in...
Abstract The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) represents an accumulation of aerosol in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere associated with Summer Monsoon. Here we simulate ATAL for summer 2013 GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model explore likely composition aerosols relative contributions regional anthropogenic sources versus those from farther afield. indicates significant organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium precursor dominant. underestimates backscatter during 2013,...
Abstract. Large and moderate volcanic eruptions significantly impact Earth's atmosphere by releasing sulphur emissions, thereby affecting atmospheric dynamics QBO. Using the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model, we show of eruptive volcanoes on tropical stratosphere Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) from 2001 to 2013. Our simulations with volcanoes, when compared without that sulfate aerosols enhance stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) two months after eruption Rabaul (0.0034); Sarychev (0.0040) Nabro...
Stratospheric aerosols play a crucial role in Earth's radiative balance and atmospheric chemistry. Their sources properties are influenced by various factors, including volcanic eruptions, biomass burning (PyroCbs), the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The ATAL, prominent feature of Summer Monsoon (ASM), extends from eastern Mediterranean across India to western China at altitudes 13-18 km.Recent eruptions have significantly impacted stratosphere, with varying characteristics such as...