Resilience theory provides a framework for studying and understanding how some youths overcome risk exposure guides the development of interventions prevention using strengths-based approach. In this article, we describe basic concepts theory, such as promotive factors, distinguish assets resources that help negative effects exposure. We also present three models resilience theory-compensatory, protective, challenge-and review empirical research on factors-ethnic identity, social support,...

Most US studies of national trends in medical and nonmedical use prescription opioids have focused on adults. Given the limited understanding these among adolescents, we examine high school seniors between 1976 2015.The data used for study come from Monitoring Future adolescents. Forty cohorts nationally representative samples (modal age 18) were to self-reported opioids.Lifetime prevalence peaked both 1989 2002 remained stable until a recent decline 2013 through 2015. Lifetime was less...

Previous research has linked higher levels of hopelessness about one's future to violent behavior during adolescence; however, little is known this relationship over time for adolescents. Using growth curve modeling, we tested the association between orientation and across high school years adolescence in a sample African American youth (n = 681). Variation based on demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, SES, previous violence) was explored. At baseline, differences varied by...

Objective: We used a web version of Respondent-Driven Sampling (webRDS) to recruit sample young adults (ages 18–24) and examined whether this strategy would result in alcohol other drug (AOD) prevalence estimates comparable national (National Survey on Drug Use Health [NSDUH]). Method: recruited 22 initial participants (seeds) via Facebook complete survey examining AOD risk correlates. Sequential, incentivized recruitment continued until our desired size was achieved. After correcting for...

This study explored how neighborhood characteristics may relate to A frican merican adolescents' internalizing symptoms via social support and perceptions of cohesion. Participants included 571 urban, adolescents (52% female; M age = 17.8). multilevel path analysis testing both direct indirect effects on mental health outcomes was conducted. Higher poverty unemployment rates predicted greater lower cumulative In contrast, higher concentrations residentially stable residents in one's related...

Depression is a serious mental health concern among adolescents. Violence exposure potent risk factor for depression. Social support may help reduce depression risk, even when adolescents are exposed to violence. Using compensatory model of resilience, we investigate the influence violence and social on over time in sample urban youth during high school years (N = 824, 52% female, mean age Year 1 14.9). We used growth curve modeling examine depressive symptoms across adolescence its...

We report on an effectiveness evaluation of the Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) program. YES applies empowerment theory to after-school program for middle school students. is active learning curriculum designed help youth gain confidence in themselves, think critically about their community, and work with adults create positive community change. employed a modified randomized control group design test hypothesis that would enhance empowerment, increase developmental outcomes, decrease...

Abstract Resiliency theory posits that some youth exposed to risk factors do not develop negative behaviors due the influence of promotive factors. This study examines effects cumulative and on adolescent violent behavior tests two models resilience—the compensatory model protective model—in a sample patients (14–18 years old; n = 726) presenting an urban emergency department who report behavior. Cumulative measures consist individual characteristics peer, family, community influences....

Objective: Young adults are increasingly interacting with their peer groups online through social networking sites. These interactions may reinforce or escalate alcohol and other drug (AOD) use as a result of more frequent continuous exposure to AOD promotive norms; however, the influence young adults’ virtual networks on remains untested. The purpose this study was examine association between presence content in networking, perceived norms (online regarding anticipated regret postings),...

This study examined the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on violent behavior across high school years adolescence in a sample predominately A frican merican urban adolescents ( N = 750). Cumulative factor indices represented individual characteristics, peer, parental, familial influences. Using growth curve modeling, we describe trajectories test associations between time‐varying behavior. Higher was associated with higher levels were less moderated association behaviors. The...

Abstract Positive future expectations can facilitate optimal development and contribute to healthier outcomes for youth. Researchers suggest that internal resources community‐level factors may influence adolescent expectations, yet little is known about the processes through which these benefits are conferred. The present study examined relationship between contribution community, neighborhood collective efficacy, purpose, hope tested a mediation model linked community efficacy with purpose...

Abstract Background Sleep deficiency is common among youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and may contribute towards persistent/recurrent pain (PRP). This study tested the hypotheses that sleep mediates effect of ACEs on PRP moderates exerted through anxiety depression symptoms. Methods We used 4 years Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® data test our hypotheses. Annual assessments duration quality (from Disturbances Scale for Children), pain, anxiety, Child...

We tested relationships between social connections, hope, and violence among young adolescents from socially distressed urban neighborhoods, examined whether adolescents' family school connectedness involvement were mediated by hopefulness. Data middle students involved in the Lead Peace demonstration study. The sample (N = 164) was 51.8% female; 42% African American, 28% Asian, 13% Hispanic, 17% mixed race or other race; average age 12.1 years; 46% reported physical fighting past year. In...

The current study tested whether relationships with natural mentors may have contributed to fewer internalizing symptoms and less substance use among emerging adults through improved perceptions of coping abilities an increased sense life purpose. In addition, the investigated mentor role (i.e., familial vs. nonfamilial mentor) amount time spent together in shared activities influenced adults' behaviors via Participants included 3,334 (mean age = 20.8, 48.6% female, 75.4% white) from diverse...

Background: While researchers have identified factors that contribute to youth violence, less is known about the details of violent incidents. In addition, substance use has been linked violence; however, little actual on days in which violence occurs. Objective: This study examined reasons for peer and association between using daily calendar-based analyses among at-risk urban youth. Methods: Data were collected from Emergency Department (ED) patients (ages 14–24; n = 599; 59% male, 65%...